Exam Flashcards
Does facilitated diffusion require energy
What is source to sink
What is interstitial
Cell requirements of plants (energy, chemical, waste removal)?
Energy: light
Chemicals: H2O and CO2 for photosynthesis; O2 for cellular respiration; inorganic substances e.g. phosphates, nitrates
Waste removal: in daylight — excess O2 excreted by simple diffusion in cells
Cell requirements of bacteria (energy, chemical, waste removal)?
Energy: may require light or inorganic chemicals
Chemicals: H2O, CO2, O2, Ca2+, K+
Waste removal: excretion carried out by simple diffusion or active transport
Cell requirements of animals (energy, chemical, waste removal)?
Energy: complex carbs
Chemicals: H2O, O2, minerals, vitamins
Waste removal: individual cells excrete CO2 by diffusion,
How can you trace products of photosynthesis through plants?
Giving plants C-14 which is incorporated into sugars
What are the similarities between heterotroph and autograph gas and nutrient requirements?
They both require water and mineral ions are taken from the surroundings
What are the differences between heterotroph and autograph gas and nutrient requirements?
Autotrophs need carbon dioxide gas
Heterotrophs need to ingest organic substances
Autotrophs produce their own oxygen, glucose, proteins and lipids
What is adaptive radiation?
Where organisms diversify rapidly from ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches.
What are microevolutionary changes that caused the evolution of horses?
Changes in horse ancestors include size, jaw size and toe numbers
How do antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria demonstrate evolutionary change?
Some variations in bacterial populations can recolonise and develop natural resistance to antibiotics and pesticides
What was the cause of the Permian extinction?
The Permian extinction killed about 90% of the species on Earth, and was believed to be caused by global warming.
