Unit 2 - Cells and Biochemesrty

Question 1

Polymer

Answer 1

Many repeated units (plane)

Question 2

Monomer

Answer 2

One unit, not small (train)

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Basic unit: monosaccharide

Example: starch

Question 4

Lipids

Answer 4

Basic unit: fatty acid, short polar head + long non-polar tail

Example: cell membrane

Question 5

Nucleic acids

Answer 5

Basic unit: nucleotide
Example: DNA

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

Basic unit: amino acid

Example: hemoglobin

Question 7

Reactant

Answer 7

Chemicals that are reacting

Question 8

Product

Answer 8

Chemicals that are the result of a chemical reaction

Question 9

Activation energy

Answer 9

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 10

Catalyst

Answer 10

Something that assists a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy but is not used up

Question 11

Enzyme

Answer 11

A catalyst made of protein

Question 12

Exothermic

Answer 12

Goes downhill (energy out)(hot)

Question 13

Endothermic

Answer 13

Goes uphill (energy in) (cold)

Question 14

Cell theory (WORD FOR WORD)

Answer 14

A) All living things are made up of cells
B) cells are the basic units of life
C) living cells come from other cells

Question 15

Robert Hooke

Answer 15

1665, looked at wine cork, first to see non living cell, came up with the name “cell”

Question 16

Anton con Leeuwenhoek

Answer 16

1670’s, First to see living cells, living microorganisms (animalcules)

Question 17

Membranes

Answer 17

Speed up chemical reactions

Question 18

Surface area to volume ratio

Answer 18

Surface area of a cube= (edge to edge) x 6

Volume of a cube= (edge x edge x edge)

Question 19

Prokaryote

Answer 19

High S.A. to Vol ratio no organelles (plenty of S.A. for chemistry)

Question 20

Eukaryote

Answer 20

Low S.A. to Vol ratio with organelles (needs surface area)

Question 21

Nucleus (function and structure)

Answer 21

Structure:
- double layer membrane (2 separate lipid bilayers)

Function:
- store and replicate DNA
- mRNA is made
- ribosomes are made

Question 22

ER (ribosomes) (function and structure)

Answer 22

Function:
- there are two kinds of ERs, rough, and smooth
- rough variety, makes protein
- smooth variety creates membranes

Structure:
- made of a single layer membrane folded many times

Question 23

Golgi body (structure and function)

Answer 23

Structure:
- made
of a single layer membrane

Function:
- where proteins are manufactured by the ER for export are concentrated

Question 24

Lysosome (structure and function)

Answer 24

Structure:
- lysosomes are constructed of a single layer membrane

Function:
- enzymes in the lysom performs several functions, although, including the destruction of worn out organelles and digestion of food particles from psypsytosis

Question 25

Mitochondria (structure and function)

Answer 25

Structure:
- two layers, a very different membranes
- it has its own DNA

Function:
- provide the energy for recharging ATP

Question 26

Chloroplast (structure and function)

Answer 26

Structure:
- Three membrane layers outer, inner and thylakoid
-It has its own DNA

Function:
-The thylakoid membrane is where the first part of photosynthesis occurs
-Special proteins on the grana absorb photons and use their energy to make ATP

Question 27

Vacuole

Answer 27

Temporary animals permanent in plants