Unit 1 - General Chemistry Flashcards
isotope
atoms which are the same element but which have different numbers of neutrons. This makes their masses different
polar molecule
A molecule that has a relative separation of positive and negative charges. Because: electrons are pulled to one side more than the other and the molecule is asymmetrical ex. water
non-polar molecule
no uneven pulling of electrons. the molecule is symmetrical ex. carbon dioxide
hydrogen bond
a bond resulting from the slight interactions of positive and negative charges in polar molecules (usually involving water)
proton
determines the chemical and physical properties of the atom (# of electrons)
nuetron
Adds mass to the atom
2 electrons first shell
8 electrons in next 2 shells
electron
determines how atoms react to each other (function of how full the shell is)
atomic number
top of box= number of protons
atomic mass
The number of protons and the average number of neutrons
chemical reaction
how atoms form or break bonds by rearranging their electron shells
Atoms want:
A) same number of protons and electrons
B) Full Electron shells
ionic bonding
!A metal gives an electron to a non metal!
- and this means that they both have complete outer electron shells. It also means that they stick together because they now have opposite charges
covalent bonding
!2 non-metals share their outer electron shells!
- and by doing this achieve complete outer shells. This does require that they remain in contact with each other
element
All of the atoms in an element have the same number of protons
compund
More than one kind of element bound together
molecule
more than one atom covalently bound
