Unit 2: Cell Structure & Function

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

The goo and everything in it inside a cell

Question 2

Cytosol

Answer 2

The goo in a cell

Question 3

Cell/plasma membrane

Answer 3

A selectively permeable lipid bilayer around the cell.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

The nuclear membrane and everything inside of it.

Question 5

Nucleolus

Answer 5

Structure inside the nucleus that contains DNA.

Question 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

Storage organelle that also produces lipids and steroids. It also detoxifys the cell and transfers things around.

Question 7

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

Protein manufacturing

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

ATP synthesis

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

Photosynthesis

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Make amino acids.

Question 11

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 11

Packaging, transporting and modifying proteins and lipids.

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

A network of filaments around the cell used for support

Question 13

Centriole

Answer 13

Makes spindle fibers

Question 14

Vacuoles

Answer 14

Storage bubbles found in cells

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

Little stomachs that the cell uses to attack invaders and digest useless stuff in the cell.

Question 16

Vesicle

Answer 16

A small sphere of fluid surrounded by a lipid bilayer.

Question 17

What is the extra cellular matrix

Answer 17

Loose mesh of fibers like collagen

Question 18

What does it mean that the cell membrane is semi permeable

Answer 18

It allows some things to pass through but not others.

Question 19

Phospholipids are amphipathic. What does this mean?

Answer 19

They have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 20

What does cholesterol do for the cell membrane?

Answer 20

It resists changes is membrane fluidity due to temperature changes.

Question 21

What do transmembrane proteins do?

Answer 21

They provide channels through which chemicals can flow.

Question 22

What do membrane bound enzymes do?

Answer 22

They assist is enzymatic reactions.

Question 23

What do receptors in the cell membrane do?

Answer 23

They receive signal molecules.

Question 24

What do binding proteins do?

Answer 24

They connect or bind cells.

Question 25

What do cell marker proteins do?

Answer 25

They allow cells to recognize each other.

Question 26

Passive diffusion requires no ___ from the cell.

Answer 26

Energy

Question 27

What is diffusion?

Answer 27

The movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Question 28

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 28

Diffusion of water from high solute concentration to low solute concentration.

Question 29

What is active transport?

Answer 29

Moving molecules from low to high concentration via ATP

Question 30

What is an Ion channel?

Answer 30

A channel protein that transports ions.

Question 31

What is a gated protein?

Answer 31

Channel proteins that open and close in response to a stimulus.

Question 32

What is exocytosis?

Answer 32

When a cell uses a membrane to transport a large amount of stuff out of it.

Question 33

What is endocytosis?

Answer 33

When stuff comes into a cell via the membrane folding around it.

Question 34

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 34

A solution where the concentration of something is the same on the outside as the inside.

Question 35

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 35

A solution where the concentration of something is higher on the inside than the outside.

Question 36

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 36

A solution that has a higher concentration of something than the inside of a cell or some such.

Question 37

What is a centromere?

Answer 37

The region of a chromasome where the two chromatids connect