Unit 2- Cell Division And Inheritance Flashcards
How many chromosomes does 1 person have?
46
What is genetic finger printing?
Looking into the DNA to find a unique pattern.
What is mitosis?
The splitting of cells from a new identical cell.
What happens in each of the 4 stages?
1) duplicates the DNA to make 46 pairs.
2) the chromosomes line up and are pulled apart by cell fibres.
3) split chromosomes turn into new nuclei
4) cytoplasm splits creating two new cells.
When is mitosis used?
Asexual reproduction
What is meiosis?
Produces cells with only half the original amount of chromosomes.
Name the 4 steps in meiosis?
1) it duplicates it’s DNA, so it has 46 chromosomes.
2) the pairs are pulled apart so the new cells only have 23 chromosomes.
3) both pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart again to create 4 gametes.
What is differentiation?
The process where a cell changes to suit it’s function
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells
What does the 23rd pair of chromosomes decide?
Gendre
What form makes male characteristics?
XY
What did Mendel do?
Genetically cross-breed plants
What did he find out?
That certain genotypes and phenotypes can be recessive or dominant
What is a genotype? What is a phenotype?
Genotype: the genetic make-up of alleles
Phenotype: certain characteristics
What is it called if two alleles are the same?
Homozygous
