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Unit 2 - Bourgogne Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Grapes

A

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir

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2
Q

Ancillary Grapes

A 
Aligoté
Sacy
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris (Pinot Beurot)
Sauvignon Blanc
César
Gamay
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3
Q

Compositional rules for Bourgogne Gamay and Bourgogne Pinot Noir

A

Only 85% of variety listed on bottle in final wine

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4
Q

Compositional rules for Coteaux Bourguignon Blanc and Rouge

A

Can be blended wines

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5
Q

Composition of Bourgogne Blanc AOC

A

Chardonnay

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6
Q

Composition of Bourgogne Aligoté AOC

A

Aligoté

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7
Q

Composition of Bourgogne Rouge AOC

A

Pinot Noir

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8
Q

Compositional rules for Passe-Tout-Grains AOC

A

Mostly Gamay, but 1/3 must be Pinot Noir and/or Pinot Liebault. Can also contain up to 15% Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay. Can be Red or Rosé.

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9
Q

Compositional rules for Crémant de Bourgogne AOC

A

Can be composed of Sacy, Aligoté, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Melon, Pinot Noir, César, Gamay

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10
Q

What is marl?

A

Limestone-rich clay formed from dead shellfish settling to the bottom of the prehistoric ocean that turn into deposits under pressure

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11
Q

What are the main soil types of Bourgogne?

A

All sedimentary: Limestone and limestone-rich clays i.e. marl. All this lies on top of a granite base.

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12
Q

What is a colluvial soil?

A

Soils formed from rain-driven slope wash (NOT from river sediment)

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13
Q

What is alluvial soil?

A

Soils formed from river sediment

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14
Q

Describe characteristics of top slope

A

On the crests = Hautes Cotes de Beaune/Hautes Cotes de Nuits

  • Thinnest topsoil, receives least amount of rain. Erosion moves topsoil down hill.
  • Water usually runs downhill before earth can absorb it, problematic in drier years
  • Can be good quality, but not the best i.e. Premier Cru
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15
Q

Describe characteristics of mid slope

A
  • Moderate topsoil, adequate water i.e. receives ideal rain and also absorbs additional rainwater travelling down slope from above
  • Most Grand Crus
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16
Q

Describe characteristics of bottom slope

A
  • Deepest soils, most amount of rain
  • Grapevine grows big vegetatively i.e. less energy towards fruit ripening so can reduce pigment and flavour development in wine (not always!!)
  • Least amount of distinction and character
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17
Q

What aspect is most desirable?

A

East-facing to catch morning sun i.e. dries morning dew and quickly warms soil

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18
Q

How many ‘climats’ does Clos de Vougeot have?

A

13

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19
Q

Which soil type is most preferred in Chablis?

A

Kimmeridgean marl (better than Portlandian limestone)

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20
Q

Describe characteristics of Pinot Noir grown on limestone

A

Lightly pigmented but sublimely elegant, highly aromatic

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21
Q

Describe characteristics of Pinot Noir grown on marl

A

Less elegant, more structure and fruit

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22
Q

Describe characteristics of Pinot Noir grown on clay

A

Less aromatic, less complex, lots of body - needs 5-7 years of bottle age to evolve and express themselves

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23
Q

Describe characteristics of Chardonnay grown on Marl

A

Powerfully dense, tremendous concentration of flavour, age-worthy

24
Q

Describe characteristics of Chardonnay grown on clay

A

Structure and depth; round, earthy

25
Q

Describe characteristics of Chardonnay grown on limestone

A

High acid whites, aromas of citrus fruits and mineral

26
Q

How many regional AOCs exist within Bourgogne, and how much total production do they represent?

A

23 regional AOCs, 52% of total production

27
Q

Appellation rules of Coteaux Bourgignon

A

White: Chardonnay, Aligote, Melon de Bourgogne, Sacy. Alc. 9.5-12.5%
Red: Pinot Noir and/or Gamay (no specific proportions, grown anywhere within Bourgogne including Beaujolais). Alc. 9-12%

28
Q

Regional Bourgogne Blanc appellation rules

A

Only Chardonnay. Can pull fruit from some authorised communes in Beaujolais.

29
Q

Regional Bourgogne Rouge appellation rules

A

Mostly Pinot Noir, allows for inclusion of Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris provided they don’t represent more than 15% as a field blend, as well as max 10% Cesar (from Yonne) and 30% Gamay. Can pull fruit from some authorised communes in Beaujolais.
Min/max alc. 10-13%

30
Q

Appellation rules for Bourgogne Gamay

A

Wines with 85% or more Gamay

31
Q

Appellation rules for Bourgogne Pinot Noir

A

Wines with 85% or more Pinot Noir (max 15% Gamay)

32
Q

Appellation rules for Bourgogne Cote d’Or

A

Inexpensive wines made from grapes sourced within Cote de Nuits and Cote de Beaune. Only Pinot Noir or Chardonnay permitted. Mostly replaces the equivalent of Bourgogne Rouge or Blanc designations.

33
Q

Appellation rules for Cremant de Bourgogne: Eminent

A

Min. 24 months ageing sur lie (standard for Cremant is 9 months)

34
Q

Appellation rules for Cremant de Bourgogne: Grand Eminent

A

Min. 36 months ageing sur lie
3 months in cellar between disgorgement and release
<1.5% dosage
Min. 10% alcohol
Blanc is only Chardonnay and/or Pinot Noir
Rose allows up to 20% Gamay
Only 1st 75% of juice extracted from press can be used

35
Q

How many Village appellations are there, and how much total production do they represent?

A

44 Village wines, represent 36% of Bourgogne’s total production

36
Q

How many 1er Cru appellations are there, and how much total production do they represent?

A

635 appellations, 10% of total production

37
Q

How many Grand Cru appellations are there, and how much total production do they represent?

A

33 appellations, 2% of total production

38
Q

Describe Chablis climate and associated effects on wine

A

Continental - influenced by Atlantic (winds, cloud cover). Maritime influence affects weather patterns in Spring and Autumn i.e. frosts shorten growing season length.
Flat landscape means susceptible to winds, which bring cloud cover = lowers temps and slows ripening. Leads to high acid wines with reserved aromatic profile.

39
Q

Chablis AOC grapes

A

Chardonnay (Beaunois)

40
Q

Châtillonais regional grapes

A 
Chardonnay (Beaunois) 
Sacy
Aligoté
Pinot Noir
Gamay
41
Q

Appellations of Grand Auxerrois grapes

A

Chardonnay (Beaunois)

Pinot Noir

42
Q

St. Bris AOC grapes

A

Sauvignon Blanc

43
Q

Irancy AOC grapes

44
Q

Soil types of GC and 1er Cru Chablis and effect on wine

A

Kimmeridgean marl: limestone-rich clay 160mil years old. Conveys a racy edge, high-tensile strength, ‘electricity’

45
Q

Soil types of Chablis & Petit Chablis AOC wines and effect on wine

A

Portlandian marl: sedimentary, 140-150mil years old. Forms high acid wines, more broad and less chiseled flavours.

46
Q

Soil types of Châtillonais and Grand Auxerrois

A

Mostly Portlandian marl = white wines with more broad flavours, less nervosity.

47
Q

Outline production volumes of Chablis region

A

Chablis: 100% white
Grand Auxerrois: 67% white, 33% red
Châtillonais: 95% white, 5% red

48
Q

List the 7 climats of the one Grand Cru of Chablis

A

Southwest-facing slope on a single hillside (Kimmeridgean marl):

  • Bougros
  • Les Clos
  • Grenouilles
  • Blanchot
  • Les Preuses
  • Valmur
  • Vaudésir
49
Q

Style of Bougros Chablis

A

Easy to approach, well-balanced fruit and minerality

50
Q

Style of Les Clos Chablis

A

Lean wines, need bottle age to develop max flavour

51
Q

Style of Grenouilles Chablis

A

Complex, multi-faceted

52
Q

Style of Blanchot Chablis

A

Powerful, rich

53
Q

Style of Les Preuses Chablis

A

Age-worthy, intense minerality

54
Q

Style of Vaudésir Chablis

A

Powerful, rich, ripe fruit

55
Q

Style of Valmur Chablis

A

Rich, intense minerality

56
Q

Chablis Premier Cru - number of climats and soil type

A

89 climats, Kimmeridgean marl

57
Q

List principal AOC’s of Grand Auxerrois

A
  • Bourgogne Côte Saint-Jacques AOC (red, white, rosé, vin gris)
  • Bourgogne Chitry AOC (red, white)
  • Bourgogne Côtes d’Auxerre AOC (red, white, rosé)
  • Bourgogne Coulanges-la-Vineuse AOC (red, white)
  • Saint-Bris AOC (white)
  • Irancy AOC (red)
  • Bourgogne Épineuil AOC (red)
  • Bourgogne Tonnerre AOC (white)
  • Bourgogne Vézelay AOC (white)

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