Unit 2 - Blood Glucose Levels & Obesity Key Area 8 Flashcards
a) What do Chronic elevation of blood glucose levels
lead to?
b) what may develop as a result?
c) Small blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels may result in?
Chronic elevation of blood glucose levels
leads to the endothelium cells taking in more
glucose than normal, damaging the blood
vessels
Atherosclerosis may develop
leading to cardiovascular disease, stroke or
peripheral vascular disease.
Small blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels may result in haemorrhage of blood vessels
in the retina, renal failure or peripheral nerve
dysfunction.
How do Pancreatic receptors respond to raised blood
glucose levels?
Pancreatic receptors respond to raised blood
glucose levels by increasing secretion of
insulin from the pancreas.
What does insulin activate?
Insulin activates the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver decreasing blood glucose concentration.
How do Pancreatic receptors respond to lowered blood
glucose levels?
Pancreatic receptors respond to lowered
blood glucose levels by increasing secretion
of glucagon from the pancreas.
What does glucagon activate?
Glucagon activates the conversion of glycogen to
glucose in the liver increasing blood glucose
concentration.
what happens the to glucose concentrations in the blood during exercise and fight or flight responses?
During exercise and fight or flight responses,
glucose concentrations in the blood are
raised by adrenaline, released from the
adrenal glands, stimulating glucagon
secretion and inhibiting insulin secretion.
Describe type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in childhood.
A person with type 1 diabetes is unable to
produce insulin and can be treated with
regular doses of insulin.
When does type 2 diabetes develop and what increases the likelihood?
Type 2 diabetes typically develops later in
life. The likelihood of developing type 2
diabetes is increased by being overweight
Describe type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, individuals produce insulin
but their cells are less sensitive to it. This
insulin resistance is linked to a decrease in
the number of insulin receptors in the liver,
leading to a failure to convert glucose to
glycogen.
what occurs between both types of diabetes?
In both types of diabetes, individual blood
glucose concentrations will rise rapidly after a
meal. The kidneys will remove some of this
glucose, resulting in glucose appearing in
urine.
What is testing urine for glucose often used as
Testing urine for glucose is often used as an
indicator of diabetes.
what is used to diagnose diabetes
The glucose tolerance test is used to
diagnose diabetes.
describe a glucose tolerance test and the results of each type of diabetes?
The blood glucose concentrations of the
individual are initially measured after fasting.
The individual then drinks a glucose solution
and changes in their blood glucose
concentration are measured for at least the
next two hours. The blood glucose
concentration of a diabetic usually starts at a
higher level than that of a non-diabetic.
During the test a diabetic’s blood glucose
concentration increases to a much higher
level than that of a non-diabetic and takes
longer to return to its starting concentration.
What is obesity?
Obesity is a major risk factor for
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
what is obesity characterised as?
Obesity is characterised by excess body fat
in relation to lean body tissue such as
muscle.
Obesity may impair health.
