Unit 1 - Energy Systems in Muscle Cells Key Area 8

Question 1

What is the high energy chemical that muscles require for contraction

Answer 1

ATP is the source of immediately available chemical energy required for muscular contraction

Question 2

What happens during intense muscular activity?

Answer 2

The cells respire by fermentation because they do not receive an adequate supply of oxygen to support The Electron Transport chain to make adequate ATP.

Question 3

In the absence of oxygen what is glucose converted to ?

Answer 3

In the absence of oxygen pyruvate is converted to lactate

Question 4

What is the role of NAD

Answer 4

Hydrogen ions are passed to the coenzyme NAD to form NADH

By the addition of hydrogen ions from NADH. This regenerates NAD which is essential for glycolysis to produce ATP.

Question 5

What happens when lactate accumulates?

Answer 5

The oxygen debt is repaid when exercise is complete (after recovery time)
This allows respiration to provide the energy to convert lactate back to pyruvate and glucose in the LIVER.

Question 6

Name the 2 types of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 6

Type 1 - slow twitch muscle fibers

Type 2 - fast twitch muscle fibers

Question 7

What is most human muscle tissue made up of?

Answer 7

Most human muscle tissue contains a mixture of both slow and fast twitch muscle fibers. Athletes show distinct patterns of muscle fibers that reflect their sporting activities.

Question 8

Muscle contraction:

a) in slow twitch muscles fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 8

a) slow

b) fast

Question 9

Length of time for which contraction lasts:

a) Slow twitch muscle fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 9

a) long

b) short

Question 10

Speed at which fiber becomes fatigued

a) slow twitch muscle fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 10

a) slow

b) fast

Question 11

Respiratory pathways to make ATP

a) slow twitch muscle fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 11

a) Aerobic Respiration

b) Glycolysis

Question 12

Number of mitochondria

a) slow twitch muscle fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 12

a) Many

b) Few

Question 13

Blood supply

a) slow twitch muscle fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 13

a) Large

b) small

Question 14

Concentration of myoglobin ( stores oxygen and releases it slowly) in cells

a) Slow Twitch muscle fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 14

a) High concentration

b) Low concentration

Question 15

Storage fuels used

a) slow twitch muscle fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 15

a) Fats

b) Glycogen

Question 16

Activities

a) slow twitch muscle fibers
b) fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 16

a) Endurance activities e.g long distance running and skiing

b) sprints and weightlifting