Unit 2 bitch Flashcards
Developmental Psychology
Study of age-related changes in human behaviour. Psychologists know what to expect at different developmental stage
Saltatory Growth
Growth that occurs in spurts like puberty
Psychosocial Stages
The eight stages of ego development according to Erik Erikson
Linear Progression
Development that occurs progressively
Habituation
Organism ceases to respond to a stimulus that is repeatedly presented
Maturation
genetically programmed biological plan of development that is relatively independent of experience
Temperament Theories
Theories of human development that places emphasis on enduring and stable aspects of personality
Goodness of Fit
How well suited a certain temperament is to a particular environment
Intraorganismic Perspective
Attachment asserting that the infant has innate mechanisms that foster and promote the development of attachment
Strange Situation
A lab test designed by Mary Ainsworth to demonstrate individual differences in the quality of attachment
Secure Attachment
The most common form of attachment. Securly attached children respond happily to their mothers, greet them and stay near them for a while
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Infants who cry to be picked up and then struggle to be free (mixed feelings)
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Do not approach and actively avoid their returning mothers
Sensorimotor Stage
The first stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. it is distinguished by the lack of fully developed object permanence and lasts from birth to two years of age
Object Permanence
Individual’s realization that objects continue to exist even though they are no longer visible.
Preoperational Stage
Distinguished by the presence of object permanence, but the lack of concrete operations. Time for imaginary play and intuitive logic lasting typically from the ages of two to six or seven
Egocentrism
View themselves as the reference point in their dealings with the external world.
Centration
child’s tendency to focus, or center on only one aspect of a changing system at any given time; characteristic of the preoperational stage
Probabilistic Epigenesis
Describes the stages of cognitive development as representing only what occurs during the development of most individuals.
Gender Understanding
Persons understanding that he or she is either a boy or a girl; usually at the age of three
Gender Constancy
Realization that ones sex is determined by unchanging criteria and is unaffected by ones activities or behaviour, ages 6 or 7
Gender Typing
Individual incorporates the behaviours, traits or attitudes appropriate to his or her biological sex or the sex assigned at birth
Exploration-Play-Application Sequence
Describes the function of play as a bridge between the cautious exploration of the unfamiliar and its eventual application for useful purposes
Conservation
the principle that include quantities such as mass, weight, and volume remain constant regardless of changes in the appearance of these quantities, so long as nothing has been added or taken away
Authoritative Parents
parents who set strict standards, but who are also warm and willing to explain their reasoning to their children
Authoritarian Parents
Parents who have a strict set of rules and expects unquestioned obedience. Demanding and hostile. Sometimes uses physical punishment and discussions are rare
Formal Operation
Final stage of cognitive development. Characterized by abstract thinking that is no longer tied to physical objects or events.
