section 2: a brief history of psychology

Question 1

Structuralist

Answer 1

psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiments

Question 2

Introspection

Answer 2

Method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings

Question 3

Functionalist

Answer 3

psychologist who studied the function of consciousness (rather than the structure)

Question 4

Psychoanalyst

Answer 4

psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior

Question 5

Behaviorist

Answer 5

psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to environmental events

Question 6

Humanists

Answer 6

psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth
- Maslow, Rogers, May

Question 7

Cognitivists

Answer 7

• psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior
• piaget, chomsky, festinger

Question 8

Psychobiologists

Answer 8

psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

Question 9

Willhelm Wundt

Answer 9

• made the first psycho lab
• interest in the human mind
• structuralist
• developed introspection

Question 10

William James

Answer 10

• father of psychology
• principles of psychology
• speculated that thinking, feeling, learning, remembering serve as one function to help us survive as a specie
• actions of the conscious mind and the goals or purposes of behaviors

Question 11

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 11

• wanted to understand how heredity helps a person’s ability, characters and behaviour
• concluded that greatness runs in families
• did not consider all other possibilities

Question 12

Gestalt Psychologists (Werthelmen,Kohler and Kotka)

Answer 12

• disagreed with the principles of behaviorism and structuralism
• studied how sensations are assembled into perceptual experiences which became a forerunner for cognitive approaches to the study of psychology

Question 13

Sigmund Freud

Answer 13

• Interest in the unconscious mind
• unconscious motivations and conflicts are responsible for most human behavior
• used free association (dream analysis)
• psychoanalyst

Question 14

Case Study

Answer 14

analysis of the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, experiences, behaviors, or problems of an individual

Question 15

John B. Watson

Answer 15

• stated that psychology should concern itself only with observable facts of behavior

Question 16

B. F. Skinner

Answer 16

• introduced the concept of reinforcement (response to a behavior that increases the likelihood of the behavior will be repeated
• portrayed the ideas of Utopia

Question 17

Sociocultural psychologists

Answer 17

study the impact and integration of the millions of immigrants who come to the US each year

Question 18

Free Association

Answer 18

When patients say stuff that comes to mind relevant or not and they aren’t allowed to hide thoughts