unit 2 biology

Question 1

biodiversity

Answer 1

all of the variations found among different species and among individuals of the same species

Question 2

adaptation

Answer 2

a genetic trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce

Question 3

mutations

Answer 3

errors or mistakes that occur while the dna is replicated

Question 4

habitat

Answer 4

the place in an ecosystem in which an organism lives

Question 5

niche

Answer 5

the functional role an organism plays in its ecosystem

Question 6

resources

Answer 6

all of the items gathered from living organisms and from non-living parts of the environment to fulfill an organism’s wants or needs

Question 7

competition

Answer 7

the struggle between organisms for a resource in limited supply

Question 8

tolerance

Answer 8

an organism’s ability to withstand a range of values for a chemical or physical factor in the environment

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

an organic compound made of subunits called nucleotides that stores the genetic information to make proteins

Question 10

RNA

Answer 10

an organic compound made of subunits called nucleotides that stores and transfers the genetic information needed to make proteins

Question 11

protein

Answer 11

an organic compound made of subunits called amino acids that…

Question 12

enzyme

Answer 12

a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 13

hormone

Answer 13

an organic compound that is made by one part of the body that sends a chemical signal to another part of the same body

Question 14

pheromone

Answer 14

an organic compound made by an organism to send a chemical signal to another organism of the same species

Question 15

allelochemical

Answer 15

an organic compound made by one organism that sends a chemical signal to another organism of a different species

Question 16

receptors

Answer 16

proteins in the cell membrane that accepts a hormone/pheromone/allelochemical

Question 17

gene

Answer 17

a segment of DNA that provides the genetic information for a single protein or occasionally a specific trait

Question 18

allele

Answer 18

one of the varying forms of a gene

Question 19

chromosome

Answer 19

a complex of proteins and dna - coiled and rod shaped - found in dividing cells - defined by a centromere

Question 20

centromere

Answer 20

the constricted portion of a chromosome

Question 21

chromatid

Answer 21

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome

Question 22

chromatin

Answer 22

a complex of proteins and DNA - not coiled - found in non-dividing cells

Question 23

meiosis

Answer 23

type of cell division that produces haploid cells called gametes

Question 24

subject

Answer 24

an individual whose reactions or responses are studied

Question 25

sample

Answer 25

the part of a population being studied to gain information

Question 26

sample size

Answer 26

population size

Question 27

purpose

Answer 27

the goal to be attained - “the purpose of the experiment is to determine whether or not ____ affects ___”

Question 28

control

Answer 28

a reference to which other data can be compared - “the control helps determine which or not ____ affects _____.”

Question 29

results

Answer 29

data collected

Question 30

conclusion

Answer 30

the conclusion is often a set of statements from the person doing the experiment.