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Biology > UNIT 2 Biological Molecules Part 2 > Flashcards

UNIT 2 Biological Molecules Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Are diverse compunds that do not form macromolecules

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Formed by condensation, reactions are esters of fstty acids and glycerol

A

True lipids

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3
Q

Are the bodys main energy reservoir

A

Triglycerides

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4
Q

Are solids at room temperature due to the saturated hydrocarbon chains

A

Fats

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5
Q

Are liquids at toom twmpwrature due to the high proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains

A

Oils

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6
Q

Such as honecomb wax are hard when warm due to esters of long chain fatty alcohols

A

Waxes

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7
Q

Are complex lipids made uo of sphingosine linked through a complex polar head to one long fatty acid chain

A

Sphingolipids e.g. Sphingomyelin

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8
Q

Have a phosphate base groups replacing one of the fatty acids in a triglycerides

A

Phospholipids or phosphatides

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9
Q

Have similsr solubility properties as lipids but are not fatty acids or esters

A

Steriods

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10
Q

A common basic structure

A

Steroid nucleus

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11
Q

From droplets and bilayer that enable them to carry out several functions in

A

Lipid molecules

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12
Q

For heat retention in animals and blubber in dividing mammals

A

Thermal Insulation

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13
Q

Most of the proteins in living cells are the enzymes

A

Enzymes/ Biological Catalyst

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14
Q

Such a change is called?

Which may be brought about by heat, pressure, acidity etc.

A

Denaturation

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15
Q

Which is added to the name of the substrate or the reactoon acted upon

A

Suffix-ase

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16
Q

Enzymes acting on phosphates

A

Reductases

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17
Q

Enzymes are divided into main group according to the chemical reactions they perform they are as follows:

A 
Axido- reudctase 
Transferas
Hydrolases
Lases
Isomerases
Ligases or Synthetase
Metabolic Pathway
Single enzyme- catalyzed reaction
Cofactors
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18
Q

Bring about oxidation-reduction reactions

A

Axido-reudctase

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19
Q

Affect the transfer of groups

A

Transferas

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20
Q

Influence hydrolytic reaction

A

Hydrolases

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21
Q

Bring about the addition or removal of a group to and from double bonds

A

Lyases

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22
Q

Catalyze isomerization process

A

Isomerases

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23
Q

Combine two or more molecules splitting the phosphate bonds

A

Ligases or Synthetase

24
Q

It is a sequence of chemical reactions occuring in a cell

A

Metabolic Pathway

25
Q

Maybe one of the multiple reactions in a metabolic Pathway

A

Single Enzyme- catalyzed reaction

26
Q

Many enzymes are assisted by chemical substances which may be ions or molecules

A

Cofactors

27
Q

Ion that may act as cofactors

A

Iron
Manganes
Zinc

28
Q

Organic molecules, acting as cofactors

A

Coenzymes

29
Q

NAD

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

30
Q

FAD

A

Flavin Dinucleotide

31
Q

A key portion of the enzyme and interacts with the substrate

A

Active site

32
Q

Aids the alteration of the substrate and produces the end product

A

Physical stress

33
Q

The combination when the active site interacts with the substrate

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

34
Q

Two metabolic Pathway

A

Catabolic pathways

Anabolic Pathways

35
Q

Involved the breakdown or digestion of large complex molecules. General term is Catabolism

A

Catabolic Pathways

36
Q

Involve the synthesis of large molecules, generally bu joining smaller molecules together. General term is anabolism

A

Anabolic Pathways

37
Q

Is the constructive phase that requires energy

A

Anabolism

38
Q

Destructive phase that release energy

A

Catabolism

39
Q

Is derived from sunlight

A

Energy

40
Q

Found in organic molecules represents potential energy some of which are utilized bu the plants themselves

A

Chemical Energy

41
Q

Based on the mechanism of extracting energy for their own metabolism cells and organisms are grouped into following:

A

Autotrophic

Heterotrophic

42
Q

Green plants,transform CO2 and H2O Into organic molecules through photosynthesis

A

Autotrophic

43
Q

animals, Obtain energy from different food stuffs by autotrophic organisms

A

Heterotrophic

44
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

45
Q

Which involves an orderly series of the enzymes controlled chemical reactions

A

Cellular respiration

46
Q

Are informational molecules that carry the code of life the blue prints for proteins thus ultimately controlling the life of a cell

A

Nucleic acid

47
Q

Two types of Nucleic Acid

A

DNA

RNA

48
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribose Nucleic acid

49
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic Acid

50
Q

Are chemical messengers, energy carrier and submits for nucleic acids and coenzymes

A

Nucleotides

51
Q

Nucleotides has?

A

Pentose sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen base

52
Q

Double Helix

A

DNA

53
Q

Determin how a sequence of several hundreds of amino acids is to be strong together

A

Genes

54
Q

Provides the mechanism for translating DNA language into the language of protein biosynthesis

A

RNA

55
Q

The assembly bu whixh the amino acids form the polypetide chain

A

Translation

Biology (5 decks)

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