Unit 2 Biological Molecules Part 1 Flashcards
The 3 same type of chemical compounds
Nucleic acid
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Polymers built up from building blocks or monomer.
Giant molecules
Macromolecules
Linking monomersvtogether the basic reactions
Condensation
The reverse process
Hydrolysis
Basic unit of life
Cell
The study if structure and functioning of biologica molecules
Molecular biology
Is the sum total of all biochemical reactions in the body
Metabolism
The building blocks of life:
✔️ hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen
✔️ monosaccharides, organic bases, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol
Rtyped of biomolecules
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Enzymes Nucleic acids
Most abundant molecules of lide
Carbohydrates
Is the chief carbohydrates of the body and forms the basis of cell energy metabolism
Glucose
Have a wide range of biological functions in living organisms
Carbohydrates or Sugars
Carbohydrates consists of 4. What it is?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
nitrogen is present as in gluosamin
Gives rise the simplest carbohydrates, glyceraldehydes and hydroxyacetone
Glycerol
Most common in cells
Pentose and Hexose
Include the glycosaminolgycans found in bone, cartilage…
Sugar derivatives
Blood anticoagulant
Heparin
Example of monosaccharides
Glucose and fructose
From animals, is the common substrate for respiration for energy release in cells
Glucose
From fruits, sweetens fruits for attraction of animals for seed dispersal
Fructose
Can condense to form polymers
Carbohydrate molecule
Malt sugar, glucose-glucose and serves as energy source in germinating seeds
Maltose
Is glucose-galactose and makes up about five percent of milk
Lactose
Table sugar, extracted from sugar cane and it is the sugar found in tea, it is glucose-fructose and serves as the main transport molecules in plants
Sucrose
3 forms of glucose polymer
Cellulose
Glycogen
Starch
It is the main storage in plants formed by linking thousands of glucose molecules
Polysaccharides starch
Is formed as glycogen
Starch
It is a polymer of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds
Cellulose
Cannot digest cellulose
Animals
Eat cellulose
Ruminants
Are tetrahedral with four different groups attached to them
Carbon atoms
Carbohydrates are classified according to their molecular structure
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
The simplest type that tastes sweet. They are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates molecule. Most common are glucose, glyceraldehydes and dihydroxycetone
Monosaccharides
Two monosaccharides combine to form what?
Disaccharides
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure
Isomers
Many simple sugars( monosaccharides) join together to form what?
Polysaccharides
It is about 15% of the protoplasm is the most abundant organic constituents of the protoplasm
Proteins
Proteins contains the atom of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen SOMETIMES sfur, phosphorus and iodine
The building blocks of protein is
Amino acids
Are always contain an amini group
Amino acids
Some proteins act as?
Biological Catalyst
They enter and speed up specific reactions without being used themselves
Enzymes
