Unit 2: Basic Concepts Flashcards
Definition of stereoisomers
Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space
Definition of structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Definition of E/Z isomerism
An example of stereoisomerism
Has restricted rotation about a double bond
There are two different groups attached to each Carbon atom in the C=C group
What is cis-trans isomerism?
A special case of E/Z isomerism
The two groups on the C=C group are the same
Definition of homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group with each successive member different by CH2.
Definition of functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
The names of the first ten members of the alkanes homologous series
Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane
Definition of homolytic fission
The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals.
Definition of heterolytic fission
The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to one of the atoms, forming an anion and a cation.
Definition of a curly arrow
The movement of an electron pair, showing either the breaking or formation of a covalent bond.
Definition of atom economy
Molecular mass of desired products/sum of molecular masses of all products x 100%
What is the atom economy of addition reactions and why?
100% because only the desired product is formed.
What are the benefits of developing chemical processes with a high atom economy?
The amount of waste produced is reduced, this is good because we are running out of landfill sites
Definition of percentage yield
Actual amount in mol of product/theoretical amount in mol of product x 100%
What does percentage yield measure?
The success of a laboratory preparation.
