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vce psych unit 1+2 > Unit 2, AOS 2: Social influences > Flashcards

Unit 2, AOS 2: Social influences Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of group.

A

Two or more people who interact or influence each other and share a common purpose.

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2
Q

Definition of power.

A

An individual or group’s ability to control or influence the thoughts/feelings/behaviours of another person or group.

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3
Q

Reward power.

A

Give rewards and take away punishment.

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4
Q

Coercive power.

A

Give punishment and take away rewards.

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5
Q

Referent power.

A

People identify with or want to be liked by this person.

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6
Q

Legitimate power.

A

Person’s status and power in a group gives them authority.

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7
Q

Expert power.

A

Having special knowledge or skills that are desirable/needed.

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8
Q

Informational power.

A

Having resources/information that are not available elsewhere.

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9
Q

Independent variable of Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment.

A

The role of the participants (prisoner/guard).

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10
Q

Dependant variable of Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment.

A

The reactions of the participants.

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11
Q

Results of Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment.

A

Participant’s behaviours changed completely to fit their assigned role. The guards became sadistic and abusive, and the prisoners fell in line as their values changed.

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12
Q

Ethical issues of Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment.

A

No-harm principle was breached. Withdrawal rights were breached. Participants did not consent to being arrested in front of people they are close to.

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13
Q

**Independent variable of Milgram’s experiment.

A

Uncertain to determine as there was no control group.

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14
Q

**Dependant variable of Milgram’s experiment.

A

The maximum voltage that the teacher administered to the student.

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15
Q

Results of Milgram’s experiment.

A

100% of participants administered shocks of 300 volts.

65% of participants administered shockers of 450 volts.

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16
Q

Ethical issues of Milgram’s experiment.

A

Deception, breach of the no-harm principle, lack of withdrawal rights.

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17
Q

Results of Asch’s experiment

A

75% of participants agreed with the confederate’s incorrect responses at least once.
33% of participants agreed with the confederate’s incorrect responses in half or more of the trials.
24% of participants did not conform to the incorrect responses at all.

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18
Q

Normative influence.

A

Situation is guided by one or more social norms.

19
Q

Culture

A

More conformity in collectivist cultures. Less conformity in individualistic cultures.

20
Q

Informational influence

A

Conforming for direction and information on how to respond in a specific situation.

21
Q

Group size

A

More likely to conform with other members of the group when the group has 4 members.

22
Q

Unanimity

A

Difficult to be a minority of one even when you think you are right and everyone else is wrong.

23
Q

Deindividuation

A

Loss of individuality that can occur in a group situation.

24
Q

Social loafing

A

Tendency of an individual to make less effort when involved in a group activity rather than working alone.

25
Q

Definition of pro-social behaviour.

A

Act of helping others, even when there is a personal cost to the helper.

26
Q

Situational factors influencing pro-social behaviour.

A
  1. Notice the situation
  2. Interpret the situation
  3. Take responsibility for the situation
27
Q

Social factors influencing pro-social behaviour

A 
Social responsibility norm (We should help those in need because it is our responsibility/duty to do so)
Social justice norm (We should only help those who deserve it)
Reciprocity norm (We should help those who help us)
28
Q

Personal factors influencing pro-social behaviour

A

Empathy (Ability to identify with & understand another’s feelings or difficulties)
Mood (More likely to help when in a good mood)
Competence (More likely to help when capable of helping)

29
Q

Factors that influence reluctance to help

A

Bystander effect
Diffusion of responsibility
Audience inhibition

Cost-benefit analysis

30
Q

Bystander effect

A

Tendency for people to be less likely to help when other people are present.

31
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Belief that when others are present, one or more people will or should take responsibility for helping.

32
Q

Audience inhibition

A

Less willing to help for fear of looking stupid in front of a group of people.

33
Q

Cost-benefit analysis

A

Weigh up the pros and cons of helping before deciding to help

34
Q

Definition of bullying.

A

Intentional repeated physical or psychological aggressive behaviour by a person/group intended to cause harm, distress or fear.

35
Q

Covert bullying

A

Hidden, unobvious bullying.

36
Q

Overt bullying

A

Physical, obvious bullying

37
Q

Cyberbullying

A

Bullying via call, text, email, social media, etc.

38
Q

Situational factors that influence bullying

A

Circumstances in an individual’s context when bullying behaviour occurs influence them to perform this behaviour.

39
Q

Environmental factors that influence bullying

A

Factors relating to an individual’s family or home environment that can increase the likelihood of bullying behaviour.

40
Q

Effects of bullying

A

Feeling unsafe, lonely, disconnected, low self-esteem, difficulties with concentrating and motivation, sleep and mental health problems.

41
Q

Positive influences of media on group behaviour

A

Can communicate from just about anywhere in the world.

42
Q

Negative influences of media on group behaviour.

A

Less meaningful relationships.

43
Q

Positive influences of media on individual behaviour.

A

Entertainment and education.

44
Q

Negative influences of media on individual behaviour.

A

Less time out and about.

vce psych unit 1+2 (6 decks)

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