unit 1 : mental health + schizophrenia Flashcards
Define normality
The state of having thoughts feelings and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable
What are the six approaches that seek to define normality
The sociocultural approach, the functional approach, the historical approach, the medical approach,The statistical approach, the situational approach.
What is the sociocultural approach to normality
Thoughts feelings and behaviours considered normal based on the particular social or cultural expectations
What is the functional approach to normality
Considered normal if a person is able to cope with functioning as usual in society
What is the historical approach to normality
Normality depends on the time or era when the judgement is made
What is the medical approach to normality
Abnormal thoughts feelings or behaviours can have underlying medical causes and can usually be diagnosed and treated
What is the statistical approach to normality
The majority of people think, feel and behave a certain way is considered normal
What is the situational approach to normality
Depending on the situation, thoughts feelings or behaviours maybe considered normal as opposed to the same thoughts feelings or behaviours in another situation
What is atypical development?
Development that is not typical. It is noticeably different from what is usual or appropriate
What is adaptive behaviour?
Actions that enable a person to affectively carry out the usual every day tasks
What is maladaptive behaviour?
Behaviour that interferes with the persons ability to carry out the usual activity in an effective way
What does it mean to be mentally healthy?
Psychological state that maintains or improves functioning
What does it mean to have a mental health problem?
Temporary state markedly impairing levels of functioning
What is a mental health disorder?
More enduring but diagnosable
What are characteristics of mental disorders?
The disorder occurs within the individual and results from dysfunction within the individual. There is a clinically diagnosed able dysfunction in thoughts/feelings/behaviour. The disorder causing significant distress. Actions and reactions are a typical of the person and inappropriate within their culture. The disorder is not a result of a personal conflict within society.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
A three-way Venn diagram that reflects the biological, psychological and social factors that may have caused a mental disorder. It reflects a holistic view of mental health
What are internal factors?
Stem from within an individual and relate to biological/psychological functioning.
What are external factors?
Stems from outside an individual and arises from their environment such as social influences.
What are some benefits of diagnosing?
Provides individual with understanding and reassurance. Can assist in devising targeted treatment. Provides a common language.
What is interrater reliability?
Mental health professionals often make the same diagnosis
What are the limitations of diagnosing?
Stigmatisation and self stigma. Under diagnosis and overdiagnosis. Diagnostic overshadowing (attributing a persons physical symptoms to the psychological disorder).
What is the DSM – 5?
DSM – 5 stands for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. It’s a system with categories of mental disorders used for diagnostic purposes developed in 1952.
What is the DSM-5 used for? What info does it provide?
It has 21 categories of psychological disorders. It provides information about a disorders prevalence and population, course, affect on the individual and their relationships, and commorbity.
What are the four major categories of psychological disorders?
Addiction disorder, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, personality disorder.
What is an addiction disorder?
An addiction disorder is characterised by a dependence on a particular substance/behaviour. Biological factors include genetics, medical history, type of drug. Psychological factors include dual diagnosis. Sociocultural factors include environment, age, early use. Treatments include antidepressants, CBT, support groups.
What are mood disorders?
General emotional state/mood is distorted or an consistent with your circumstances and interferes with your ability to function. Biological factors include genetic predispositions, medical conditions. Psychological factors include recurrent negative/unhealthy thought patterns. Social factors include trauma, death of a loved one, persistent bullying. Treatments include antidepressant medicines and psychotherapy.
What are personality disorders?
A category of mental disorder that is characterised by a set of enduring personality traits and behaviours that diverged from societal and cultural disorders. Biological factors include genetics and trauma/nervous system disease.
What is schizophrenia?
A specific kind of psychotic disorder characterised by the presence of long-term psychosis and impairment of functioning it is the most diagnosed psychotic disorder and lasts at least six months.
What are symptoms of schizophrenia?
Symptoms include hallucinations, reduced expression of emotions and motivation, delusions, disorganise speech, catatonia (the inability to move normally)
Contributing factors of schizophrenia?
Biological factors include genetic links, brain structure or function, reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex, less grey matter in front and temporal lobe, lower activity of neurotransmitters. Psychological factors include stress, cognitive impairments, memory problems. Social factors include negative family environment, dysfunctional parenting, disturb family communication styles, parenting styles that make child
feel guilty.
What is the two hit hypothesis?
It is used to explain how schizophrenia results from a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. Hit one is genetic vulnerability. Hit two is environmental influences. These heads must be in order: genetic and then environmental.
What treatment can be used for schizophrenia?
Medical treatment can reduce some symptoms especially positive symptoms. CBT which is cognitive behaviour therapy helps identify and change irrational thought processes. Social support provides mutual support and assistance in finding work and accommodation.
