UNIT 2 - AC4.1 - CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES IN INFORMING POLICY DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

what is eugenics

Answer 1

the selection of desirable characteristics in order to improve future generations

Question 2

methods of eugenics

Answer 2

mass extermination
selective breeding

Question 3

historical example of eugenics

Answer 3

nazi germany and the aryan race

Question 4

how did hitler use eugenics to purify the aryan race

Answer 4

sterilisation
euthanasia
concentration camps
mass extermination

Question 5

eugenics influencing uk policy development

Answer 5

hasn’t had a huge impact due to ethics and morals
arguing the right you have over your own body

Question 6

what percentage of gypsies died in the nazi concentration camps

Answer 6

85%

Question 7

what theory of criminality can eugenics be linked to

Answer 7

LOMBROSO
surgical sterilisation would prevent the birth of ‘criminal offspring’

Question 8

what is capital punishment

Answer 8

the practise of excecuting someone as punishment for a specific crime after a proper legal trial

Question 9

what year was the death penalty temporarily abolished in the uk

Answer 9

1965

Question 10

what year was the death penalty permanently abolished in the uk

Answer 10

1969

Question 11

how did the USA prove that the death penalty is not a deterrent for crime

Answer 11

states where the death penalty was not in use had a 25% lower murder rate than those who did use the death penalty as punishment (2015)

Question 12

what is a reason for the death penalty not being an effective punishment for crime

Answer 12

people usually kill in a moment of impulsive thoughts and decisions therefore aren’t usually considering the consequences at the given moment

Question 13

what is antabuse used for

Answer 13

treating alcohol abuse

Question 14

how does antabuse work

Answer 14

causes a bad reaction when drinking alcohol by blocking the processing of alcohol into the body

Question 15

what is methadone used for

Answer 15

heroin addiction

Question 16

how does methadone work

Answer 16

reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings

Question 17

who takes stilbestrol

Answer 17

sex offenders

Question 18

how does stilbestrol work

Answer 18

it aims to lower testosterone levels

Question 19

what drug is used to manage prisoners

Answer 19

sedatives and tranquillisers (varium)

Question 20

how does varium work

Answer 20

reduces anxiety and calms people down

Question 21

what did Gesch et al 2002 study

Answer 21

supplementing prisoners diets with vitamin pills reduces anti social behaviour

Question 22

vitamin b3

Answer 22

treats forms of schizophrenia, sometimes associated with violent behaviour

Question 23

what did schornthaler 1982 study

Answer 23

reduced sugar diet reduces anti social behaviour

Question 24

how has surgical castration been used to alter body’s

Answer 24

used on sex offenders to change the offending behaviour

Question 25

how has lobotomy been used

Answer 25

used to treat schizophrenia, violent and sexual crimes.
it can have serious side effects so is rarely used

Question 26

example of crowd control policies

Answer 26

use of chemical substances eg tear gas
works by causing uncomfortable or distressing sensations

Question 27

psychoanalysis

Answer 27

patient verbalises their thoughts
aim is to access the unconscious mind, therefore can be linked to freud

Question 28

what is the goal of psychoanalysis

Answer 28

to bring repressed trauma into the consious mind

Question 29

1968 Dr Elliott Barker

Answer 29

small group of males in a locked room for eleven days
they were nude and given large amounts of LSD
the only food and drink available had to be sucked through straws in the wall

Question 30

psychoanalysis - for

Answer 30

SHELDEE (2010) works as well as CBT but should not be used as a substitute

Question 31

psychoanalysis - against

Answer 31

time consuming
expensive
deliberate repression
ANDREWS ET AL (1990) avoided within general samples of offenders

Question 32

behaviour modification

Answer 32

positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
eg operant learning and token economies
trained and taught desirable behaviours and undesirable behaviour should be extinguished

Question 33

IEP - prison incentive earned priviledges

Answer 33

earning benefits in exchange for responsible behaviour
results in a safer environment for staff and prisoners
reduces self harm risk and improved staff prisoner relationships

Question 34

what is an adjudication

Answer 34

offender and prison staff discuss the offence and what everyone thinks happened

Question 35

evidence that behaviour modification works

Answer 35

FO AND ODONELL (1975) found a buddy system improved the behaviour of serious offenders

Question 36

evidence that behaviour modification doesn’t work

Answer 36

ALLYON AND MILAN 1979 token economies work in the short term by improvements do not last once the criminal leaves prison environment

Question 37

aversion therapy step by step

Answer 37

client will be asked to engage or think about an undesirable behaviour whilst being exposed to an unpleasant stimulus
repeated over the course of several sessions
client eventually stops associating pleasure with the undesirable behaviour

Question 38

aim of cbt

Answer 38

change negative thought processes and attitudes, resulting in a behaviour change

Question 39

aggression replacement training

Answer 39

improves social skills
reduces incidence of re arrest
enhances community functioning

Question 40

thinking skills programme

Answer 40

looks beyond the service users crime and examine the real reason why they offend
develops emotional self management, problem solving and social interaction