UNIT 2 - AC2.2 - INDIVIDUALISTIC THEORIES

Question 1

albert banduras social learning theory

Answer 1

people learn by watching the behaviour of others (observation) children learn behaviour through observing behaviours presented by adults

Question 2

banduras bobo doll experiment (1963)

Answer 2

exposing children to two different adults - aggressive and non aggressive
aggresive - kick, throw and hit the doll
after witnessing behaviour, children put in room with dolls without model.

Question 3

findings of bobo doll experiment

Answer 3

children exposed to aggressive adults tend to copy the behaviour, and potentially came up with new ways to “hurt” the dolls
children who watched non agressive adults were less aggressive towards the bobo doll

Question 4

how behaviour is learnt through observation

Answer 4

if someone is rewarded for a particular behaviour, a child is more likely to repeat this behaviour in the future

Question 5

3 places observational learning takes place

Answer 5

family
peers
cultural symbols (media)

Question 6

Sutherland et al (1992)

Answer 6

people learn values/techniques for criminal behaviour from association with people or differential associations

Question 7

what is differential associations

Answer 7

interactions with others

Question 8

what are the 3 parts of our psyche

Answer 8

ID (selfish + animalistic urges)
ego (rational + sensible control)
superego (moral conscience)

Question 9

what does a healthy psyche require?

Answer 9

a balance between all three parts of the psyche
unresolved conflict can result in a disturbed personality

Question 10

what could happen if the id became dominant?

Answer 10

mind can become uncontrollable and criminality can take place

Question 11

what could happen if the superego becomes dominant?

Answer 11

expect perfection, high judgement if this is not achieved

Question 12

what could happen if the ego became dominant?

Answer 12

incapability of accepting change, very rigid lifestyle

Question 13

who aids the development of our psyche?

Answer 13

parents/caregivers

Question 14

bowlby 1944 study

Answer 14

44 juvenile delinquents
39% of delinquents had experienced complete separation from their mothers compared to 5% of the control group

Question 15

what does eysencks theory of criminality propose?

Answer 15

certain personality types are more likely to commit crime than others

Question 16

what are the three aspects of personality?

Answer 16

extra version (sociable but bored quickly)
neuroticism (very anxious and irrational)
psychoticism (uncaring, aggressive personality)

Question 17

eysencks personality questionnaire

Answer 17

700 soldiers treated for neurotic disorders in hospital
found the three personality dimensions

Question 18

what does eysencks theory predict?

Answer 18

people who have extrovert, neurotic and psychotic personalities are more likely to offend as it’s hard to control impulses

Question 19

eysenck and sybil’s experiment

Answer 19

assessed 2070 male prisoners compared to a control group of 2422 males
prisoners scored higher of E,N & P levels than control group