Unit 2 Ac 1.1

Question 1

What does The term ‘values’ mean?

Answer 1

Rules shared By most People in A culture / society
General principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives
Tel us what is right/wrong ) good / bad,

Question 2

Examples of values?

Answer 2

Respect for The elderly
Respect for Human life
Fairness
Kindness
Hardwork = success
Children should be protected
We have the right to decide WHO runs our country
People should be treated fairly By The authorities

Question 3

What does The term ‘norms’ mean?

Answer 3

Specific unwritten rules
Social expectations that guide behaviour → socially accepted standards
Norms are Linked to values→ what you believe is right (values) guide what do you In A situation (norms)
The norms of A given society are Linked to its values

Question 4

How have laws relating to homosexuality changed over time?

Answer 4

Social acceptance of same Sex relationships has risen rapidly.
Young People are now more likely to identify as LGBTQIA +
2007 → discrimination on The basis of sexuality is banned.
2010 → gender reassignment is added as A protected characteristic in equality legislation.
2014 → gay marriage becomes legal in England wales + Scotland
2020 → made legal in northern Ireland

Question 5

Examples of norms?

Answer 5

Washing hands After toilet
Not putting Human life in danger

Question 6

What does The term moral code mean?

Answer 6

Set Cf basic rules, values and principles held by an individual, Group, Organisation or society as A whole
Good ways of behaving
Breaking A moral code is considered serious in society
‘Ethical’ vegans → someone who has A strict ethical/moral code humans about use of animals

Question 7

Example of A moral code?

Answer 7

Police code of ethics → written document that police officers must follow
Principles of it → accountability,integrity, openness,fairness, leadership, respect, honesty, objectives, selflessness

Question 8

What does The term deviance mean?

Answer 8

Any behaviour that differs from normal
Unusual, uncommon or out of the ordinary behaviour in some way.
Actions that go against The worms + values of society.
Likely to attract punishment and disapproval

Question 9

What are The 3 forms of deviant behaviour?

Answer 9

Unusual and bad
unusual and good
Unusual and odd

Question 10

Examples of behaviour that is unusual and bad?

Answer 10

Crimes → murder
Physically attacking someone for no reason

Question 11

Examples of behaviour that is unusual and good?

Answer 11

Risking your life to save someone else’s
Giving away all your money

Question 12

Examples of behaviour that is unusual and odd?

Answer 12

Talking to trees in The Park
Living with 50 cats
Hoarding
Burping in public

Question 13

Which Form of deviance is The most relevant to criminoligists?

Answer 13

Behaviour that is unusual and bad → negatively impacts others, critical + hostile reaction from others

Question 14

What are formal sanctions?

Answer 14

Punishment imposed By official bodies → police, courts, schools
Schools exclude A student for bullying
Courts fine an offender for theft
Being arrested for breaking the law.

Question 15

What are informal sanctions?

Answer 15

Used where rules are Not formally written down but are perhaps unspoken.
↓
telling someone off
Refusing to speak to them.
Look of disappointment
Social exclusion
Frowning at behaviour.
Name calling
Ignoring
Grounding

Question 16

Social definition of criminal behaviour?

Answer 16

Form of deviance that involves serious harmful acts that are wrong against society
Acts are regarded as so disruptive that The state must punish them By law.

Question 17

ExampleS of criminal behaviour?

Answer 17

Murder
Hate crime
Fraud
Theft

Question 18

Legal definition of criminal behaviour?

Answer 18

Any act forbidden By criminal law
What The legal System defined as A crime
Behaviours that break the law + are punishable By The legal System.

Question 19

For The Court to consider A defendants action to be seen as A crime this action must have what?

Answer 19

Two elements
↓
I) actus reas
2) mens rea

Question 20

What is actus reus?

Answer 20

Guilty act → crime, something the law forbids

Question 21

What is mens Rea?

Answer 21

Guilty mind → something done with bad intention.

Question 22

What are The 2 exceptions to The actus reus/ men’s Rea principle?

Answer 22

Strict liability
Self defense

Question 23

What is strict liability?

Answer 23

Sometimes a wrongful act on its own is enough to convict someone
↓
Even if they didn’t intend/ have the intention to do wrong its still A crime

Question 24

What is self defense?

Answer 24

Assaulting someone in self defense is Not A crime so long as The force used was reasonable in The situation
↓
Case of Tony Martin → shot A 16 year old in self defense After they broke into his home, showed No remorse or sympathy

Question 25

Social definition of criminal behaviour?

Answer 25

Public have different views on what and are ‘really’ A crime
↓
Fare Dodgers, drug users, speeders may not see themselves as criminals.

Question 26

What are summery offences?

Answer 26

Less serious offences → speeding
Tried By magistrates.

Question 27

What are indictable offences?

Answer 27

More serious crimes → rape, murder
Tried in the crown Court of In front of A judge and A jury
Sentenced given are A lot more severe

Question 28

What crimes come under violence against The person?

Answer 28

Murder
Manslaughter
Assault

Question 29

What crimes come under sexual offences?

Answer 29

Rape
sexual harassment
Sexual assault
Sex trafficking
Grooming

Question 30

What crimes come under offences against The property?

Answer 30

Burglary
Theft
Robbery

Question 31

What crimes come under fraud + forgery?

Answer 31

Frauds By company directors

Question 32

What crimes come under criminal damage?

Answer 32

Arson

Question 33

What crimes come under drug offences?

Answer 33

Supplying/ possesing heron or class A drugs

Question 34

What crimes come under public order offences?

Answer 34

Riot or violent disorder

Question 35

What are custodial sentences?

Answer 35

Imprisonment/detention → immediately sent to prison.
Sentences can vary from days to life

Question 36

What is Community sentences?

Answer 36

Served in The Community rather than In jail
↓
Probation orders, curfews, community payback, cleaning up graffiti, fined, anger management courses.

Question 37

What are fines?

Answer 37

Financial penalty- amount depends on severity of The crime
Most common sentence given By the courts - given for low level crimes.
Have to be paid as punishment for The crime

Question 38

What is A conditional discharge?

Answer 38

Conditional discharge involves The offender coming no further offences for A given period of time
If they do commit A crime the court can impose A new sentence for the original offence and The old one

Question 39

(Police sanctions) what are cautions?

Answer 39

Warnings given out by the police or cps (crown prosecuting service) for low level offences such as graffiti
A caution is not a criminal conviction.

Question 40

(Police sancions) what is A conditional caution?

Answer 40

You’re given A warning and have to stick to certain rules → treatment for drug abuse, speed awareness course.

Question 41

What is penalty forces for disorder ?

Answer 41

Used for minor crimes such as shoplifting
Won’t get a conviction if you pay the penalty
Can only be served to those over 18
Used to reduce paperwork
Person can charange the penalty order if they think its been issued unfairly

Question 42

What are The other implications of committing A crime?

Answer 42

Exclusion from certain occupations → working with children
Car be placed on the violent and sex offenders register
May be banned from travelling to certain countries
Restrictions on adoption, jury duty, and standing for elected office