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Psychology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What Is IV?

A

Independent Variable, is what is being changed during the experiment

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2
Q

What is DV?

A

Dependent Variable, is what is being measured during the experiment

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3
Q

What is EV?

A

extraneous variable, is not the IV what it can also affect the results of the DV

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4
Q

What is a hyspothesis?

A

A prediction on how the change of the IV will affect the Dv

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5
Q

What does it mean to operationalise?

A

Whee the variable is stated in terms to show how to is measured.

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6
Q

What Is Synasthesis?

A

Synthesis is where one stimulus triggers another. It is where the senses are mixed/crossed.

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7
Q

What are psychological factors that influence perception?

A

food packaging and looks, culture/education, experience, interpretation of taste.

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8
Q

What do you mean when you say perceptual set?

A

Is what we expect to happen or experience.

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9
Q

List what may affect perceptual set in vision.

A

previous experiences, emotion, context or environment and motivation

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10
Q

List what may affect perceptual set in taste

A

age, genetics, colour intensity and texture.

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11
Q

List the 3 visual illusions

A

Ponzo Illusion, Ames room, Muller-lyer.

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12
Q

How does the Ponzo illusion work.

A

Where the line appears to be bigger but in reality it is the same size.

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13
Q

How does the Ames room illusion work?

A

The people seem to be shrinking or growing larger

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14
Q

What happens in the muller-lyer illusion?

A

The lines look different sizes because of the arrow heads.

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15
Q

What is the definition of visual illusion?

A

When perception consistency differs from objective to reality.

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16
Q

What are the pictorial depth cues?

A

Linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative size and hight in the visual field.

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17
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

Where two parallel lines look as though they will converge as the go towards the distance.

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18
Q

What is interposition?

A

(overlapping) where the object in front looks closer than the object behind.

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19
Q

What is texture gradient?

A

Where things closer to us have more detail than things further away.

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20
Q

What is relative size?

A

Where things that are smaller look further away from us and things that are bigger are closer to us.

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21
Q

What is hight in the visual field?

A

The closer the object is to the horizon the further away it is. (Includes on land and in the sky)

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22
Q

What is depth perception?

A

It is what allows us to judge 3D space and distance using cues in the environment.

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23
Q

How many eyes does Binocular use?

A

both eyes

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24
Q

How many eyes does Monocular use?

A

one eye

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25
Q

What depth cues does binocular use?

A

retinal disparity and convergence

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26
Q

What depth cues does monocular use?

A

accomodation and pictorial depth cues.

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27
Q

What is retinal disparity

A

Happens when an object is within 20m of the eyes and it is where one eye receives a slightly different image to the other so the brain fuses them together.

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28
Q

What is cenvergance?

A

It is when an object moves closer to our eyes so our eyes converge to keep the image centred on the retina.

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29
Q

What is accomodation?

A

Where the lens shape is changed by the ciliary muscles so it is able to focus the light onto the retina.

30
Q

what are the pictorial depth cues?

A

linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative size and hight in the visual field.

31
Q

What are the gestalt visual perception principals?

A

figure ground, proximity, similarity, closure, camouflage

32
Q

What is figure ground

A

When we focus on a figure from its surroundings.

33
Q

What is camoflauge?

A

Where we cannot seperate the figure from the ground.

34
Q

What is similarity?

A

Where we group together similar colour shapes or sizes together.

35
Q

What is proximity?

A

Where objects and shapes that are close to each other a grouped together.

36
Q

What is closure?

A

Whee we perceive an object as being whole whereas it is actually incomplete

37
Q

What is the range of the visible light spectrum?

A

it is between 360-760 nanometers

38
Q

What is sensation?

A

The process whee our sensory organs receive information from the environment and transmit it to the brain.

39
Q

What is perception?

A

The process whee your brain organises and interprets sensory information.

40
Q

What does RTTSOI stand for (Vision)

A

Reception, Transduction, Transmission, Selection, Organisation and Interpretation.

41
Q

What is Reception (Vision)

A

When light enters the eye and is focuses in the retina.

42
Q

What is Transduction (Vision)

A

light energy is transfered into verve impulses

43
Q

What is Transmission (Vision)

A

The nerve impulses are sent to the brain via the optic nerve.

44
Q

What is Selection (Vision)

A

Where we your brain selects certain stimuli and blocks out the rest.

45
Q

What is Organisation (Vision)

A

Where your brain organises the visual images

46
Q

What is Interpretation (Vision)

A

When you make sense of the images

47
Q

What is Reception (Taste)

A

Chemicals are dissolved in the process of chewing

48
Q

What is Transduction (Taste)

A

The chemical energy is converted into electromagnetic nerve impulses by receptor cells.

49
Q

What is Transmission (Taste)

A

nerve impulses travel to the brain via the thalamus

50
Q

What is flavour?

A

Flavour uses multiple senses, flavour is a combination of all the senses and texture used together and perceived in the brain which is made into a ‘flavour’.

51
Q

What is the receptor for vision?

A

photoreceptors (rods and cones)

52
Q

What is the receptor for taste?

A

taste buds (taste receptors)

53
Q

What vision are the rods used for?

A

low light vision

54
Q

What vision are the cones used for?

A

need lost of light

55
Q

How many tastebuds do we have?

A

10,000

56
Q

how many taste receptors does each tastebud hold?

A

50-150

57
Q

How often do tastebuds die and replenish?

A

Every 10 days

58
Q

What is the role of the cornea?

A

protects the eye

59
Q

What is the role of the pupil

A

lets light through and controls how much enters the eye

60
Q

What is the role of the optic nerve

A

transfers visual info to the brain

61
Q

What is the role of the ciliary muscles

A

lens accomodation - moves and changes the shape of the lens

62
Q

What is the role of the retina

A

were the rods and cones are, it transfers light into nerve impulses

63
Q

What is the role of the vitreous and aqueous humor

A

holds shape and keeps moist and nutrients

64
Q

What is the role of the lens

A

focuses light onto the retina

65
Q

what is taste?

A

the ability to respond to tastants and a chemical reaction on an individuals experiance

66
Q

what is the difference between taste and flavour

A

taste is a sensation, flavour is a perception

67
Q

what are the 5 primary tastes

A

sweet, sour, salty, umami, bitter

68
Q

Where is the nerve impulses sent? (Taste)

A

paretal lobe

69
Q

Where is the nerve impulses sent? (Vision)

A

optical lobe

70
Q

What is perceptual constancies?

A

Perceptual constancies is where the image of an object on the retina changes but we perceive them to remain the same(constant).

71
Q

What is shape constancy

A

Where we know an object stays the same shape although it look different from the angle you are looking at it from (we know it stays the same shape)

72
Q

What is size constancy

A

Where we maintain a constant perception of an object size no matter how far away it is (when someone walks away from us we roughly still know how tall they are although they now seem much smaller)

Psychology (6 decks)

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