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Bio 202 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

contractile vacuoles in protists

A

assists in water regulation

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2
Q

mixotrophic

A

autotrophic and heterotrophic

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3
Q

asexual reproduction in protists

A

mitosis

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4
Q

when does sexual reproduction happen in protists

A

when environmental conditions are unfavorable

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5
Q

where does supergroup fall in taxonmic hieracrhy

A

below domain

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6
Q

what are archaeplastid distinguished by

A

plastids

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7
Q

plastidd

A

plant and algar organelles surrounded by double membrane and contain internal membranes or vesicles

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8
Q

include red and green algae

A

archaeplastida

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9
Q

what are green algae most related to

A

land plants

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10
Q

supergroup includes spirogyra, chlamydomonas, volvox

A

archaeplastida

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11
Q

know what spirogyra, chlamydomonas, and volvox look like

A

lab book

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12
Q

red algae are single or multi celled

A

multi

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13
Q

life cycles of volvox

A

notes

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14
Q

conjugation

A

transfer genetic material from one cell to another

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15
Q

three groups of sar supergroup

A

stramenophiles
alveolates
rhizarians

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16
Q

stramenophiles have

A

plastids

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17
Q

alveolates have

A

alveoli

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18
Q

alveoli

A

small air sacs lying just under the cell membrane to support the cell surface

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19
Q

stramenophiles include

A

brown algae
diatoms
water molds

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20
Q

brown algae are single or multi celed

A

multi

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21
Q

brown algae have

A

holdfasts
stipes
airbladders

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22
Q

examples of brown algae

A

laminara

fucus

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23
Q

role lf diatoms in ecosytems

A

oxygen and food for heterotrophs create diamtameous earth

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24
Q

how do water molds feed

A

live off dead organic materials

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25
Q

agricultural problems caused by water molds

A

toxins

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26
Q

alveolates are single or multi celled

A

single

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27
Q

alveolates include

A

dinoflagellates
ciliates
apicomplexans

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28
Q

red tide

A

bloom of dinoflagellates cause water to turn red due to poisoning

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29
Q

ciliates are single or multi

A

single

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30
Q

how dow ciliates move

A

cilia

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31
Q

how many nuclei do ciliates have

A

2

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32
Q

types of nucleus of ciliates

A

macro and micro nucleus

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33
Q

how do ciliates reproduce sexually

A

conjugation

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34
Q

macronucleus of ciliates

A

undergo mitosis

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35
Q

type of ciliate

A

paramecium

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36
Q

apicomplexans are

A

parasitic

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37
Q

apicomplexans are also called

A

sporozoans

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38
Q

vector

A

transfer foreign genetic material into a cell

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39
Q

types of apicomplexans

A

plasmodium

toxoplasma

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40
Q

life cycle of plasmodium

A

notes

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41
Q

rhizarians are in what environment

A

marine

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42
Q

what do rhizarians have

A

pseudopodia

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43
Q

types of rhizarians

A

foraminiferans

radiolarians

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44
Q

what do foraminiferans produce

A

calcium carbonate test

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45
Q

what test do radiolarians produce

A

silicate test

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46
Q

are excavata single or multi

A

single

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47
Q

how do excavata move

A

flagella

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48
Q

what do excavata have

A

oral groove

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49
Q

oral groovew

A

for feeding

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50
Q

types of exacavata

A

parabasalids

diplomonads

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51
Q

what do parabasalids and diplomonads lack

A

mitochondria

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52
Q

example of parabasalid

A

trichomonas

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53
Q

what does trichomonas cause

A

std

vaginal infection

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54
Q

example of diplomonads

A

giardia

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55
Q

what does giardia caus

A

beaver fever from water

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56
Q

kinetiplastids contain what in their mitochondira

A

large masses of dna

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57
Q

example of kinetoplasitd

A

trypanosoma

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58
Q

what does trypanosoma cause

A

african sleeping sickness

chagas disease

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59
Q

how do amoeboza move

A

pseudopods

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60
Q

pseudopodia

A

extenstions of cytoplasm that allow cell to creep along

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61
Q

how do amoeboids feed

A

phagocytosis

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62
Q

phagocytosis

A

engulf whole food particles

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63
Q

recognize the protists in lab

A

lab

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64
Q

example of disease causing amoeboza

A

entamoeba histolyica

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65
Q

type of amoeboza

A

slime molds

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66
Q

what is included in opisthokonta

A

animals and fungi

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67
Q

unicelluar membrans of opisthokonta

A

chaonoflagellates

nuclerariids

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68
Q

saprotriphs

A

absorb food

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69
Q

mycelium

A

tangled mass of hyphal filament

body of fungus

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70
Q

hyphae

A

filament of vegetative body

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71
Q

septa

A

cella may be separated by incomplete cell walls

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72
Q

septate fungi

A

fungi with septa

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73
Q

non septate fungi

A

fungi eithout septa

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74
Q

chitin

A

material of fungal cell wall

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75
Q

dikaryotic

A

2 nuclei from 2 parent

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76
Q

spore

A

asexual reproductive/resting crll capable of developing into a new organism without fusion

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77
Q

life cycle of fungus

A

notes

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78
Q

what phylum does chytrid fungi belong to

A

chytridomycota

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79
Q

environment of chytrid fungi

A

aquatic

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80
Q

what do chytrid gametes and spores have

A

flagella

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81
Q

can chytrids be parasitic

A

on plants

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82
Q

what has one species of chytrids causes

A

amphibian decline

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83
Q

spored that chytrid form

A

zoospores

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84
Q

example of zygospore fungi

A

bread mold rhizopus

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85
Q

life cycle of rhizopus

A

notes

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86
Q

sporangium

A

produce spores

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87
Q

gametangium

A

produce gametes

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88
Q

zygospore

A

thick walled resting cell formed by sexual reproduction of zygospore fungi

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89
Q

sac fungi phylum

A

ascomycota

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90
Q

unicellar sac fungi

A

yeast

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91
Q

how does yeast reproduce

A

budding

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92
Q

life cycle of sac fungi

A

notes

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93
Q

examples of sac fungi

A

peziza
aspergillus
penicillium

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94
Q

am fungi phylum

A

glomeromycota

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95
Q

am fungi symbiotic relationshipsneith

A

plants

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96
Q

phylum of club funig

A

basidomycota

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97
Q

examples of basidomycota

A 
mushrooms
puffballs
shelf fungi
birds next fungi
toadstools
stinkhorsn
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98
Q

life cycle of club fungus

A

notes

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99
Q

basidomycota that parasitize crops

A

rusts

smuts

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100
Q

what forms lichens

A

algae and fungus

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101
Q

three types of lichen

A

crustose - crust
fructose-
foliosd- leaf life

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102
Q

why are lichens good indicator organsisms

A

can tell something is wrong with water, air, fungus, dirt, etc

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103
Q

why are lichens good colonizers

A

can start over after natural diasters

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104
Q

mycorrhizae

A

fungus and plants

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105
Q

endomycorrhizae

A

fungal hyphae grow into plant cell wall but not the cytoplasm

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106
Q

ectomycorrhizae

A

fungal hypae grows between cell walls and forms a mantle

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107
Q

type of symbiosis mycorrihizae demostrates

A

mutualistic

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108
Q

what each partner contributes in mycorrhizae

A

plants provide food

fungus increas root surface and improve mineral absorption

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109
Q

evidence for green alage ancenstry

A

morphological and molecular info

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110
Q

algae most closely related to land plants

A

charophytes

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111
Q

example of green algae

A

charo

112
Q

general life cycle of plant

A

notes

113
Q

sporophye

A

produce spores

114
Q

gametophyte

A

produce gametes

115
Q

antheridium

A

sperm producing

116
Q

archegonium

A

egg producing

117
Q

spore

A

asexual reproductive part

118
Q

dominat generation

A

mature part of plant

119
Q

cuticle

A

outer covering to preserve water loss

120
Q

stomata

A

pore for gas exchange

121
Q

apical tissue

A

rapidly dividing cells

primary growth

122
Q

examples of bryphytes

A

mosses
liverworts
hornworts

123
Q

which environment is bryophytes restricted to

A

moist

124
Q

why are bryophytes only in moist places

A

covered by cuticle

flagellated sperm

125
Q

gemmae

A

detach and start new plant

126
Q

rhizoids

A

hairlike structures on roots to assist in anchoring plants and aborbs water

127
Q

largest group of bryophytes

A

mosses

128
Q

life cycle of moss

A

notes

129
Q

slides of moss

A

lab

130
Q

members of lycophytes

A

club moss

spike moss

131
Q

do lycophytes have vascular tissue

A

yes

132
Q

types of vascular tissue

A

xylem

phloem

133
Q

xylem

A

transports water

134
Q

phloem

A

transports nutrients

135
Q

microphylls

A

leaves that contains one bundle of vascular tissue

136
Q

rhizome

A

branching underground stem

137
Q

sporophys

A

spore producig

138
Q

strobili

A

microphylls bearing sporangia and are group into club shaped

139
Q

parts of club moss

A

notes

140
Q

members of oteridophytes

A

ferns
horsetails
whisk ferns

141
Q

ptetidophyes also known as

A

seedless vascular plants

142
Q

mircophylls

A

single unbranched leaf

143
Q

megaps

A

broad leaves with multiple strands ld vasuclar tissue

144
Q

where do horsetails live

A

moist

145
Q

what do horsetails stems contain

A

silica

146
Q

parts of whisk fern

A

notes

147
Q

example of whisk fern

A

psiltum

148
Q

parts of horsetail

A

notes

149
Q

example of horsetail

A

equisteum

150
Q

megaphys lf ferns

A

fronds

151
Q

divisin of fronds

A

leaflets

152
Q

sori

A

sporangia in clusters

under fronds

153
Q

life cycle of ferns

A

notes

154
Q

why are ferns in mosit placesw

A

flagellated sperm

155
Q

whats in a see

A

embryo

food

156
Q

purpose of seed coat

A

protectionr

157
Q

heterosporous

A

produce 2 types of spores

158
Q

homosporousd

A

produce only one spore

159
Q

pollenw

A

male sporophyte

160
Q

pollination

A

pollen grain contacts female gametophye by wind or pollinator

161
Q

pollen tube

A

passage for sperm to egg

162
Q

ovule

A

contains female gametophye

devdlops into seed

163
Q

gymnosperms

A

naked seed

ovule not enclosed by sporiphye tissue

164
Q

angiosperm

A

vessel seed
ovule surrounded by sporophye tissue
becomes fruit

165
Q

monoecious

A

produce male and female gametes on same plante

166
Q

dioecious

A

only male or female

167
Q

megaspore

A

female gametophyte

archegonium

168
Q

microspores

A

male gametophytes

169
Q

why are conifers in dry places

A

thick cuticle
recessed stomata deeper in leaves
needle like leaves

170
Q

life cycle of conifer

A

notes

171
Q

where are cycads

A

tropical

172
Q

conifers are diocious

A

true

173
Q

how are conifers pollen spread

A

insects

174
Q

where are ginkgo native to

A

china

175
Q

three genera of gnetophyres

A

gnetum
ephedra
welwitschia

176
Q

gymnosperms most closely relaated to angio sperms

A

gnetophyres

177
Q

why sre angiosperms important

A

widespread
provide habitat
human diet
provide clothes, housing, meds

178
Q

two groups of angiosperms

A

monocot

eudicot

179
Q

cotyledom

A

seed leaf

stored food for embryo

180
Q

one cotyledon

A

monocotr

181
Q

flower parts in 3

A

monocot

182
Q

pollen grain with 1 pore

A

monocot

183
Q

visually herbaceous

A

monocot

184
Q

parallel veination

A

monocot

185
Q

scattered bundles in stem

A

monocot

186
Q

fibrous root system

A

monocot

187
Q

two coryledoms

A

eudicot

188
Q

flower parts in 4 or 5

A

eudicot

189
Q

pollen grain with 3 pores

A

eudicot

190
Q

woody or herbaceuous

A

eudicot

191
Q

net veination

A

eudicot

192
Q

vadcular bundles in a ring

A

eudicot

193
Q

taproot system

A

eudicot

194
Q

label clower

A

notes

195
Q

complete

A

include sepal, petals, stamens, carpels

196
Q

incomplete

A

lacks 1 of 4 parts

197
Q

perfect

A

has stamen and carpel

198
Q

imperfect

A

has stamen or capel bur not both

199
Q

infolorescence

A

cluster of flowers

200
Q

composite

A

appears to be single flowe but is a group of tiny flowers

201
Q

life cycle of angiosperms

A

notes

202
Q

purpose of fruit

A

seed dispersal

203
Q

function of parts of plantsw

A

notes

204
Q

two systems of plants

A

root

shoot

205
Q

five functions of roots

A 
water absorption
anchor
produce growth hormone
store food
surivie winter
206
Q

tap root

A

straight root straight down

207
Q

lateral root

A

roots attached to tap root

208
Q

fibrous root system

A

no one root is promient

209
Q

where are fibrous roots

A

monocots

210
Q

node

A

branch or leaf attached

211
Q

internode

A

region between nodes

212
Q

axillary bud

A

produce mew leaves

213
Q

functions of stems

A

support leaves
increase shoot length
transport water and nutrients
can store water and nutrients

214
Q

deciduious

A

annual leave shedding

215
Q

apical meristem

A

primary growth
length stem or root
root or stem

216
Q

later meristem

A

woody plants
secondary growth
girth

217
Q

pericermw

A

protective tissue that replaces epidemris

218
Q

cork

A

outer covering of bark

219
Q

cork cambiumw

A

lateral meristem that produces cork

220
Q

stomata

A

opening for gas exchange

221
Q

guard cells

A

open and close stomata

222
Q

root hairs

A

cover roots for water aborption

223
Q

trichomes

A

hair from epidermis

224
Q

types of ground tissue

A

parenchyma
collenchyms
solernchyma

225
Q

parenchyma

A

most abundant
least specialized
organs

226
Q

collenchyma

A

thick walls

support immature plant reguons

227
Q

scelerenchyma

A

liginin cell walla

gives support to mature parts

228
Q

tracheids

A

seprated by pits

229
Q

vessels

A

separated by pores

found only in angiosperms

230
Q

tube cells in ploema also called

A

sieve tube members

231
Q

contains nucleus and genetic material in phloems

A

companion cells

232
Q

structure of root

A

notes

233
Q

root nodules

A

nitrogen fixing bacteria

234
Q

prop roots

A

extra support

aboveground

235
Q

pneumatrophores

A

gas filled chambers

236
Q

terminal bud

A

bud develops at apex of shoot

237
Q

shoot apical meristem

A

actively dividing ebryonic cells at shoot

238
Q

vascular cambium

A

lateral meristem that produces secondary phloem and xylem

239
Q

ground meristem

A

pith and cortex

240
Q

proterderm

A

epidermis

241
Q

procambium

A

vascular tissue

242
Q

herbaceuous stems

A

only primary growth

243
Q

woody stems

A

primary and secondary growth

244
Q

wood

A

annula rings of xylem

245
Q

annual rings made of

A

secondary xylem

246
Q

advantage of woody

A

grow taller

long life

247
Q

disadvantage of woody

A

more energy

defesne mechanisms

248
Q

stolinw

A

horizontal stems

249
Q

rhizome

A

underground horizontal stems

asexual reproduction

250
Q

tuber

A

enlarged rhizomes

251
Q

corm

A

stem covered in papery leaves

252
Q

leaf structure

A

notes

253
Q

difderencr in leaf types

A

notes

254
Q

angiosperm life cycle

A

notes

255
Q

parts of flower

A

notes

256
Q

inflorescence

A

group or cluster of flowers arranged on stem

257
Q

fertilization

A

sperm contacts egg

258
Q

diagram of mega and mirco

A

notes

259
Q

self pollination

A

pollinate on same plant

260
Q

cross pollination

A

pollinate on dif plants

261
Q

bee pollinated

A

blue and yellow
sweet smell
suck uo nectar on tube
needs platforms

262
Q

moth of butterfly

A

white or yellow or pink or red (bf)
sweet or no smells
deep tube
needs flat platform for bf but moths dont

263
Q

hummingbrid

A

red
little ordor
slender tube
no platform

264
Q

why angiosperms have flowers and fruits

A

easy dispersal

265
Q

hypocotyl

A

root axis

266
Q

epicotyl

A

shoot apical meristem

267
Q

pericarp

A

thickened ovary s

268
Q

exocarp

A

putermost layer of skin on fruit

269
Q

mesocarp

A

fleshy tissue between exo and endo carp

270
Q

endocarp

A

boundary around seeds

271
Q

animal dispesal

A

eaten
droped on ground to be burries
attahhed to animals

272
Q

wind dispersal

A

open areas
have wings or parachutes
thin and light
tumbleweed

273
Q

water diserosal

A

heavy seed with air pockets or oils

hit by raindrops and scatter seeds- splace cup disersal

274
Q

self disersal

A

weakened tissues at slightest tissue

explsive fruit ruptures when ripes and release seeds

275
Q

fruit types

A

book

Bio 202 (3 decks)

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