Unit 2 Flashcards
Differential reinforcement
Process that consist of reinforcement and extinction that may result in either differentiation or discrimination
Two operations of differential reinforcement
Reinforcement
Extinction
Differentiation
Results when differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing one response while placing a second response on extinction
Discrimination
Results when differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing a response when certain stimuli are present and not reinforcing the same response when those stimuli are not present
Simultaneous discrimination training
Both S^D and SΔ stimulus conditions are presented to the learner at the same time
Successive discrimination training
Only one antecedent (S^D and SΔ) is presented to the learner in a given trial
Discrimination training
Reinforce a response in the presence of a stimulus, but not in the absence of that stimulus
Stimulus Control
A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus
Components of a discrete trial
An antecedent stimulus that sets the occasion for the learner’s response
A response by the learner
A teacher provided consequence for the learner’s response
Model
An antecedent stimulus that evokes the imitative behavior
Planned models
Prearranged antecedent stimuli that facilitate new skills
Unplanned models
All antecedent stimuli with the capacity to evoke imitation
Imitation training
Teaching the learner to imitate or do exactly what the person providing the models is doing
Types of imitation
Fine motor
Gross motor
Object imitation
High probability request sequence
An antecedent manipulation in which 2-5 easy/known tasks are presented in quick succession immediately prior to a difficult/high effort task or a response that is relatively infrequent
Listener responding
Following directions or complying with requests of others
Feature
The parts of items and descriptions of items
Function
The actions that typically go with the items or what one does with the items and classes
Class
The group(s) the items belong
Errorless teaching
Procedure in which the prompt is provided right away
Differential outcomes procedures
Different reinforcers are provided in a discrimination task each of which is correlated with a given stimulus
Differential outcomes can be effective in…
Difficult discrimination tasks
Discrete trial teaching
Antecedents are presented; teacher waits for the learner to respond, learner responds, and teacher provides consequence contingent on the learner’s response
Components of a discrete trial
An antecedent stimulus that sets the occasion for the learner’s response
A response by the learner
A teacher provided consequence for the learner’s response
Task Interspersal
Programming mastered items or tasks in between acquisition trials during discrete trial instruction
Incidental teaching
One or more cues occur or motivating operations are captured in a naturally occurring situation. Naturally occurring consequences are delivered contingent on learner’s response.
Capturing
Taking advantage of a teaching situation that arises without warning in the natural setting
Contriving
Setting up a pre-arranged teaching opportunity
DTT often results in …
Rapid rate of acquisition
IT/NET often results in…
Stimulus generalization and induction
DRH
Differential reinforcement of high-rate behavior
Full session DRH
Engage in a minimum number of responses in a given time period
IRT DRH
Engage in one response within a certain period of time
