Unit 2 Flashcards
Perception
The process by which we notice and make sense of phenomena. The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, objects etc
Types of nonverbal communication
Kinesies, Haptics, Physical appearance, Olfactics, Artifacts, Proxemics, Environmental factors, Chronemics. Paralanguage, Silence
Self serving bias
Attributions that serve the self interest of the person contracting the attribution. (I aced that test because I am brilliant) (I failed that test because the professor is horrible).
Nonverbal communication
Includes all aspects of communication excluding words..
It’s ambiguous, it interacts with verbal, regulates interactions, establishes relationship levels, and reflects cultural values.
Constructivism
Constructivism is a theory that states that we organize and interpret experience by applying cognitive structures called cognitive schemata. We rely on four schemata to make sense of phenomena: prototypes, personal constructs, stereotypes, and scripts.
Prototype
Knowledge structures that define the clearest and most ideal examples of a category.
Personal construct
A mental yardstick that allows us to measure a person along a bipolar dimension of judgment. (what is good vs bad)
Stereotypes
Predictive generalizations about a person or situation. Connected to power
Scripts
Sequence of activities that spells out how we and others are expected to act on a specific situation.
Critical features of language
- It is arbitrary (verbal symbols are not intrinsically connected to what they represent)
- It is ambiguous (It doesn’t have clear cut, precise meanings).
- It is abstract (words are not the phenomena to which they refer. They stand for those ideas, people, feelings etc)
- It is not neutral (loaded with values)
Silence
A lack of communicating sound. Although silence is quiet, it can communicate powerful messages.
Kinesics
Face and body motion
Haptics
Touch
Olfactics
Smell
Artifacts
Personal objects
Proxemics
Personal space
Chronemics
Perception and use of time
Paralanguage
Vocal qualities.
Cognitive complexity
the number of personal constructs used (bipolar dimensions of judgment), how abstract they are, and how elaborately they interact to shape perceptions. Children have simpler cognitive complexity and adults have more complexity. Influences your perceptions of others.
Physiological factors
Influence our perception. 5 senses = physiologies and sensory abilities. (not the same for everyone) Physiological states = tiredness, stress
Verbal communication
Language; does not include inflection, accent, volume, pitch, or other paralinguistic features of speech.
