Unit 2

Question 1

What are the 5 components of extra cellular fluid?

Answer 1

1. water
2. gases (O2 and CO2)
3. Inorganic Compounds
4. Organic Compounds
5. Chemical messengers

Question 2

What are the 6 components of the cell membrane?

Answer 2

1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Membrane Proteins
3. Glycolipids
4. Glycoprotein
5. Cytoskeleton
6. Other- chlosterol for fluidity

Question 3

What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 3

to keep the membranes integrity, structure and permeability

Question 4

What are the 2 types of membrane proteins and what do they mean?

Answer 4

1. Integral- they pass all the way through the membrane

2. Peripheral- they sit on the surface of the membrane

Question 5

What is the function of membrane proteins?

Answer 5

1. Transportation
2. Markers
3. Communication (receptors)
4. Reactions (enzymes in biochemical pathway and respiration/photosynthesis)

Question 6

What are glycolipids?

Answer 6

carbohydrate chain that extends out from the lipid anchored in the membrane. They function as cell identity

Question 7

What are glycoproteins?

Answer 7

carbohydrate chain that extends out from a protein anchored in the membrane. They function as cell identity

Question 8

What are cytoskeleton?

Answer 8

microtubules and microfilaments that function for structural support

Question 9

What is passive transport?

Answer 9

when materials move with the concentration gradient (high to low concentration)

Question 10

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

Answer 10

Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion and osmosis

Question 11

What is diffusion?

Answer 11

movement of molecules towards lower concentration in attempt to balance equilibrium

Question 12

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 12

membrane carrier or channel protein

Question 13

What is osmosis?

Answer 13

the diffusion of water

Question 14

What are the 3 types of solutions created by osmosis?

Answer 14

Isotonic solution, hypertonic solution and hypotonic solution

Question 15

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 15

concentration of water is equal inside and outside of the cell

Question 16

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 16

more solutes in solution than in cell cytoplasm therefore the concentration of water is less outside the cell and water diffuses from cell to solution (cell volume decreases)

Question 17

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 17

concentration of water is greater outside the cellso water diffuses in and cell volume increases

Question 18

What is active transport?

Answer 18

materials move against the concentration gradient (low to high)

Question 19

What are the 2 main types of active transport?

Answer 19

exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 20

What is exocytosis?

Answer 20

materials exit cell

Question 21

What is endocytosis?

Answer 21

materials are brought into the cell

Question 22

What are the 3 types of endocytosis?

Answer 22

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 23

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 23

liquid particles enclosed into vacuole

Question 24

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 24

solid particles or “food” or organisms are engulfed into food vacuole

Question 25

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 25

interaction between receptor proteins and specific target molecule triggers endocytosis event