Unit 2 Flashcards
What are the 5 components of extra cellular fluid?
- water
- gases (O2 and CO2)
- Inorganic Compounds
- Organic Compounds
- Chemical messengers
What are the 6 components of the cell membrane?
- Phospholipid bilayer
- Membrane Proteins
- Glycolipids
- Glycoprotein
- Cytoskeleton
- Other- chlosterol for fluidity
What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer?
to keep the membranes integrity, structure and permeability
What are the 2 types of membrane proteins and what do they mean?
- Integral- they pass all the way through the membrane
2. Peripheral- they sit on the surface of the membrane
What is the function of membrane proteins?
- Transportation
- Markers
- Communication (receptors)
- Reactions (enzymes in biochemical pathway and respiration/photosynthesis)
What are glycolipids?
carbohydrate chain that extends out from the lipid anchored in the membrane. They function as cell identity
What are glycoproteins?
carbohydrate chain that extends out from a protein anchored in the membrane. They function as cell identity
What are cytoskeleton?
microtubules and microfilaments that function for structural support
What is passive transport?
when materials move with the concentration gradient (high to low concentration)
What are the 3 types of passive transport?
Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion and osmosis
What is diffusion?
movement of molecules towards lower concentration in attempt to balance equilibrium
What is facilitated diffusion?
membrane carrier or channel protein
What is osmosis?
the diffusion of water
What are the 3 types of solutions created by osmosis?
Isotonic solution, hypertonic solution and hypotonic solution
What is an isotonic solution?
concentration of water is equal inside and outside of the cell
What is a hypertonic solution?
more solutes in solution than in cell cytoplasm therefore the concentration of water is less outside the cell and water diffuses from cell to solution (cell volume decreases)
What is a hypotonic solution?
concentration of water is greater outside the cellso water diffuses in and cell volume increases
What is active transport?
materials move against the concentration gradient (low to high)
What are the 2 main types of active transport?
exocytosis and endocytosis
What is exocytosis?
materials exit cell
What is endocytosis?
materials are brought into the cell
What are the 3 types of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis, phagocytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis
What is pinocytosis?
liquid particles enclosed into vacuole
What is phagocytosis?
solid particles or “food” or organisms are engulfed into food vacuole
What is receptor mediated endocytosis?
interaction between receptor proteins and specific target molecule triggers endocytosis event
