Unit 2 Flashcards
simple relation between a
specific stimulus and an innate involuntary
response
REFLEX
response is elicited by a stimulus. _______ are highly stereotypic;
they are remarkably invariant in form, frequency, strength, and time of appearance during development
REFLEX
Unconditioned or unlearned _______
REFLEX
mediated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
REFLEX
Patellar _____ (knee-jerk)
REFLEX
Eye blink ______
REFLEX
Lachrimal _______
REFLEX
Pupillary ______
reflex
respiratory
reflex
sneeze
reflex
cough
reflex
rooting
reflex
sucking
reflex
salivation
reflex
swallow
reflex
peristalsis
reflex
Reverse peristalsis
reflex
temperature
reflex
sound
reflex
activation syndrome
reflex
withdrawal
reflex
stimulus that elicits an
unconditioned response without
prior learning
Unconditioned Stimulus
stimuli that relate
to reflexes and Respondent
behavior
Unconditioned Stimulus
elicited by an
unconditioned stimulus without
prior learning
Unconditioned response
response part of a reflex
unconditioned response
Unconditioned Stimulus
strongly, consistently,
and reliably evoke
Elicit
Only used in respondent relations
Elicit
Relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience
learning
occurs through
Respondent or Operant processes
learning
Reduction in the strength of a reflex response brought about by
repeated exposure to a stimulus that elicits that response
Habituation
tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a
different stimulus
Sensitization
Concurrently presenting two stimuli
pairing
- Presenting (onset or magnification)
- Withdrawing (offset or attenuation), or
- Withholding a stimulus
Consequential operations
When a stimulus “signals” that a
consequence will occur if a
response is emitted in the
presence of that stimulus
Signaling operations
nearness of
events in time
Contiguity
S1–S2 (pairing)
R–S (consequating)
Temporal contiguity
one depends upon the
Other
Contingency
If X and Only If X, Then Y
Contingency
- S-S contingencies
- R-S contingencies
- S-R-S
Types of contingencies
one event is dependent upon another event
S-S contingency
in pairing and
signaling a stimulus
S-S contingency
the event is dependent upon the
response
R-S Contingency
when the consequence never occurs in the absence of a specific
response
R-S Contingency
NOT the same as a functional relation
Contingencies
Solely under the control of antecedent stimuli
respondent behavior
The central cortex is bypassed
respondent behavior
involves simple pairing of stimuli
Respondent conditioning
Behavior which operates or acts upon the environment
Operant behavior
It is emitted or evoked rather than
Elicited
Operant behavior
at least partially
under the control of consequences
Operant behavior
under the control of both antecedents and consequences
Operant behavior
When a stimulus produces an immediate and momentary change in the frequency, magnitude, or latency of a response class
Behavior altering
the change is only temporary
Behavior altering relations
antecedent evokes or abates a
response
Behavior altering relations
immediately and momentarily
increase the frequency of that
behavior
Evocative effects
immediately and momentarily decrease the frequency of that behavior
Abative effects
to strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke
Elicit
when an environmental event produces a relatively permanent
alteration in a functional
relation between environment
and behavior
Function Altering Relations
effect of the stimulus on a
specific response may be innate,
due to the evolutionary history of
that species
Phylogenic Provenance
effect of the stimulus
on a specific response may be
learned, due to the experiential
history of the individual organism in the environment
Ontogenic Provenance
relation between a specific
stimulus and an innate
“involuntary” response.
Conditioned Reflex
a response is elicited by a stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Reflex
A stimulus which has no
effect on behavior
Neutral Stimulus
A stimulus which elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning; that is, due to ontogenic provenance
Conditioned Stimulus
A response which is elicited by a
conditioned stimulus due to prior
learning
Conditioned Response
process through which a
Conditioned Reflex is weakened
by discontinuing to pair the CS
with the US.
Respondent Extinction
repeatedly presenting a CS without the US until the CS no longer elicits the conditioned response
Respondent Extinction
sudden reappearance of a
previously extinguished CR
Respondent Spontaneous
Recovery
