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Nat 5 Chemistry > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

Cn H2n+2

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2
Q

What is the general formula and functional group for the alkenes?

A

Cn H2n, C=C

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3
Q

What is the general formula and functional group of the cycloalkanes?

A

Cn H2n, C-C in a ring

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4
Q

What is the general formula and functional group for the alcohols ?

A

Cn H2n+1 OH, OH

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5
Q

What is the general formula and functional group for the carboxylic acids?

A

Cn H2n+1 COOH, COOH

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6
Q

What is the general formula and functional group for the esters?

A

RCOOR, COO

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7
Q

What is a use for an alcohol?

A

Fuels

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8
Q

What is a use for a carboxylic acid?

A

Making esters

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9
Q

What is a use for an ester?

A

Fragrances and flavourings

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10
Q

What does the term unsaturated mean?

A

C=C double bond

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11
Q

How do you test for unsaturation?

A

Using bromine solution, turns colourless

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12
Q

What are isomers?

A

Same molecular formula, different structural formula

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13
Q

When a hyrdocarbon burns completely what is produced?

A

CO2 + water

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14
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion of a hyrdocarbon?

A

Carbon monoxide, carbon and water

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15
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

Gives out heat

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16
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

Takes in heat

17
Q

Give two examples of addition reactions?

A

Hydration and hydrogenation

18
Q

In an addition reaction, an alkene + hydrogen -> ?

A

Alkane

19
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

Alkene reacting with halogens (eg hydrogen or bromine)

20
Q

What happens to the boiling point of a carboxylic acid as the number of carbons increases? + why?

A

Boiling point gets higher because the Van der Waal forces are stronger the higher the number of carbons

21
Q

Why are larger carboxylic acids less soluble than smaller ones?

A

Long hydrocarbon part of molecule makes it more difficult for them to dissolve

22
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

Nat 5 Chemistry (3 decks)

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