Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Cn H2n+2
What is the general formula and functional group for the alkenes?
Cn H2n, C=C
What is the general formula and functional group of the cycloalkanes?
Cn H2n, C-C in a ring
What is the general formula and functional group for the alcohols ?
Cn H2n+1 OH, OH
What is the general formula and functional group for the carboxylic acids?
Cn H2n+1 COOH, COOH
What is the general formula and functional group for the esters?
RCOOR, COO
What is a use for an alcohol?
Fuels
What is a use for a carboxylic acid?
Making esters
What is a use for an ester?
Fragrances and flavourings
What does the term unsaturated mean?
C=C double bond
How do you test for unsaturation?
Using bromine solution, turns colourless
What are isomers?
Same molecular formula, different structural formula
When a hyrdocarbon burns completely what is produced?
CO2 + water
What are the products of incomplete combustion of a hyrdocarbon?
Carbon monoxide, carbon and water
What is an exothermic reaction?
Gives out heat
What is an endothermic reaction?
Takes in heat
Give two examples of addition reactions?
Hydration and hydrogenation
In an addition reaction, an alkene + hydrogen -> ?
Alkane
What is an addition reaction?
Alkene reacting with halogens (eg hydrogen or bromine)
What happens to the boiling point of a carboxylic acid as the number of carbons increases? + why?
Boiling point gets higher because the Van der Waal forces are stronger the higher the number of carbons
Why are larger carboxylic acids less soluble than smaller ones?
Long hydrocarbon part of molecule makes it more difficult for them to dissolve
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties
