Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the mass number equal to?
Protons + neutrons
What are the neutrons equal to?
Mass - atomic OR mass - protons
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
How do you calculate the average rate of reaction?
Change in volume / change in time
Give examples of how a reaction can be made faster
Bigger surface area, higher temperature, higher concentration, catalyst
On a reaction rate graph what indicates a faster reaction rate?
Steeper slope
Covalent molecular bonding is between what?
Non-metals
Covalent network bonding is between what?
Non-metals (B,C,Si)
Ionic bonding is between what?
Metal + non-metal
Metallic bonding is between what?
Metals
In a covalent molecular, what forces hold the molecules together?
Weak Van der Waals forces
Covalent molecular share what to form full outer shells?
Unpaired outer electrons
In a covalent molecular what holds the atoms together?
Attraction of two positive nuclei
Do covalent molecular conduct?
No
Do CM dissolve in water?
No
Do CM have a high or low melting/boiling point?
Low
Do CN conduct?
No
Do CN dissolve in water?
No
Do CN have a high or low melting/boiling point?
High
Do IL conduct?
Yes in molten or solution
Do IL dissolve in water?
Yes
Do IL have a high or low melting/boiling point?
High
How do you calculate relative atomic mass?
Total mass of 100 atoms/ 100 (See ring binder for example)
How does an acid form?
Non-metal oxide + water -> acid
How does an alkali form?
Metal oxide + water -> alkali
What is electrolysis?
When current/electricity is passed through a solution and breaks it up (ions are free to move)
Why do substances conduct electricity?
The ions are free to move
What is neutralisation?
When the H+ ions of an acid or the OH- ions of an alkali are removed to give a solution with a pH of 7
Acid + alkali -> ?
Salt + water
Acid + metal oxide -> ?
Salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate -> ?
salt + water + CO2
Acid + MAZIT metal -> ?
Salt + hydrogen
When an acid is diluted what happens?
- pH increases towards neutral
- acidity decreases
- concentration of H+ ions decrease
When an alkali is diluted what happens?
- pH decreases towards 7
- alkalinity decreases
- concentration of OH- ions decrease
What are spectator ions?
Ions which do not take part in a chemical reaction
What experiment is carried out for neutralisation?
Volumetric titration
What is added to a titration to show neutralisation?
Indicator
In a titration what is used to measure the acid?
Burette
In a titration what is the alkali added with?
A pipette
What is the atomic number equal to?
Protons, electrons
