Unit 2 Flashcards
Are alcohols volatile? Why?
Low volatility because the hydrogen bonds between molecules are very strong and need a lot of energy to break.
Why are alcohols soluble in water?
Because hydrogen bonds can form between the -OH group and the H2O
Equation for Fermentation
C6H12O6 –> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Yeast and 37 degrees
Ethene and steam
C2H4 + H2O –> C2H5OH
H3PO4
600 atm
300 degrees
Uses of Ethanol
Alcoholic drinks
Solvent methylated spirits
Methanol
Petrol additive to improve combustion
Feedstock
Primary Alcohol
-OH is attached to carbon with 1 methyl group attached
Secondary Alcohol
-OH is attached to a carbon with two methyl groups attached
Tertiary Alcohol
-OH is attached to a carbon with three methyl groups attached
Two features molecules have that enable them to have E/Z isomerism
- restricted rotation around the double C=C bond
- the double bonded carbons each have two different groups attached to them
Boiling points in hydrocarbons
Higher in straight chains
Lower in branched bc less points of contact so less van der Waals forces
As branching increases, boiling point decreases
Outline stages that allow H2 to react with CO2 in presence of a catalyst
H2 and CO2 attached to surface
Activation energy decreases
Desorption of H2O and CH3OH
How is HCL removed from the gases produced during combustion of PVC
Neutralise HCL by reacting it with a base
Ways of processing waste polymers
Organic feedstock
Sorting and recycling the plastic
Landfill
Combustion
What happens within a carbon dioxide molecule when it absorbs infrared radiation?
Bond vibrates more
