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Soils 1 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Out of all the water on earth…how much is Fresh Water?

A

2.59%

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1
Q

What is in a soil survey?

A

Describes characteristics of soil

  • classifies the soils
  • makes predictions about the behavior of soils
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2
Q

what is in the atmosphere and how much of it?

A

78% N2 21% O2 0.03% CO2

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3
Q

What does N2 stand for?

A

Nitrogen gas

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4
Q

What are the only forms of Nitrogen that plants recognize?

A

NO3- and NH4+

(Amonium and Nitrate)

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6
Q

Soil air has ________ CO2 and _______O2 than the atmosphere.

A

Higher , Lower

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7
Q

Define Diffusion:

A

A substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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8
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

Amount of moisture that is in the air.

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9
Q

Relative humidity in the soil air is ?

A

98 - 100% —95% at the lowest

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10
Q

Organic means it contains_________.

A

Carbon

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11
Q

Define Humus:

A

The stable end product of decomposition.

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12
Q

What size does a piece of material need to be for it to be considered a Mineral?

A

2mm in size

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13
Q

Sand size is :

A

0.05 - 2mm

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14
Q

How big is sand?

A

0.05 - 2mm

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15
Q

How big is Silt?

A

0.002 - 0.05mm

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16
Q

How big is Clay?

A

smaller than 0.002

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17
Q

how can you observe a sand particle?

A

Naked Eye

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18
Q

How can you observe a silt particle?

A

Microscope

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19
Q

How can you observe a clay particle?

A

Electron Microscope

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20
Q

Nutrient holding ability for Sand:

A

Very Low

21
Q

Nutrient holding ability for Silt:

A

Low

22
Q

The three soil particles that you use to determine the soil texture are what? What is another way to describe them?

A

Sand, Silt and Clay (Soil Separates)

23
Q

Organic Matter is one of the soil separates. T or F

A

False

24
Q

Different combinations of soil seperates are also refered to as Soil __________?

A

Texture

25
Q

Fine Texture soil has a majority of what Soil?

A

Clay

26
Q

Course Texture soil has majority of what Soil?

A

Sand

27
Q

Define what Coarse Fragments are:

A

Coarse fragments are materials that are larger than 2mm in diameter.

28
Q

How many textural classes are possible?

A

12

29
Q

Where are Sand, Silt and Clay located on the Soil Triangle?

A
30
Q

Define what Loam is:

A

Soils having a moderate amount of sand, silt and clay.

31
Q

Sandy Loam has a soil texture somewhat ___________than Loam.

A

Coarser

32
Q

A Loamy Sand has a soil texture somewhat _______than sand.

A

Finer

33
Q

No Pore Space in soil =

A

Bad gas and water exchange

34
Q

Define Soil Structure:

A

the arrangement of soil particles into secondary units called Aggrogates.

35
Q

What components form Aggregates?

What do agregates do?

A

Soil Seperates and O.M.

They create Pore Space

36
Q

Soil aggregates can be charecterized by their ______, _______ and _______.

A

shape, size and distinctness

37
Q

The natural development of Soil Structure is enhanced by what?

A

Abiotic (physical and chemical) processes such as wetting/drying or freeze/thaw

Biotic processes such as soil compression by roots, burrowing activities of earthworms,

**(Essentially the development can be enhanced by both nonliving and living processes) **

38
Q

What are the different ways to describe the shape of an aggregate?

A

Granular

Blocky

Prismatic

Platey

39
Q

What horizon would you find Granular aggregates?

A

A Horizon

40
Q

What horizon would you find Blocky aggregates?

A

B Horizon

41
Q

What horizon would you find Prismatic aggregates?

A

B horizon

42
Q

Aggregates are destroyed by what?

A
  • Cultivation when it’s too wet
  • Falling Rain Drops (soil forms a crust)
  • Compaction
43
Q

Agregation is promoted by what?

A
  • Root Growth
  • Addition of O.M.
  • Cultivation
44
Q

describe what aggrogates influence in the soil:

A

Bulk Density

Porosity

Pore Size

45
Q

Define: Porosity

A

Total volume of pores

46
Q

The type of pore space and the amount of pore space is determined by what?

A

Parent Material and Aggregates

47
Q

What are Macropores?

What do they do?

What is their size?

Are there plant roots present?

A
  • the pore space located between the aggrogates
  • Transmission of water and air (MOSTLY AIR)
  • greater than 6mm
  • Yes
48
Q

What are Micropores?

What do they do?

What size are they?

Are there plant roots present?

A
  • pores that are within the aggrogates
  • Water retention
  • Less than 6mm
  • No
49
Q

Soil Air vs Atmosphere:

In the Soil there is ________CO2 and _______O2 than the atmosphere.

A

Higher, Lower

Soils 1 (7 decks)

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