Unit 2- Flashcards
Ecumene
Sustained population
Where there is permanent populations
Demography
The study of population characteristics
Population density
Number of people occupying land
Arithmetic density
of people per square mile
Demographic transition model
Birth, death, population
Newly industrialized country
Living longer
Less being born
Access to birth control (Womans rights)
Ex-
Mexico
Vietnam
China
-factory countries
Dependency ratio
People who don’t work/ or are dependent on those who work
Eugenics
Purposeful manipulation of a population
Ex- genocide (holocaust, Rwanda), Louisiana state senator payed 1000 dollars to get her tube tied
Arithmetic growth
Slow growth
Exponential growth
Fast growth
Cohort
a group of people with a common statistical characteristic
Crude Birth rate
the number of live births per thousand of population per year.
Cornucopian/Boserup
We will figure it out
One mouth two hands
Rate of natural increase
Per year how many people born each year
CBR-CDR/1000= natural increase
Dependency ratio
Working vs non working
Demographic transition model
Stage blah blah blah
Arithmetic density
How many people per square mile
Agricultural density
How many people in the population make their living on farming
Doubling time
Amount of time to takes for pop to double
Physiological density
People relative to farmable land
Malthusian
Poor peoples fault
Everyone’s gonna die
Not enough resources
anti- natalism
Birth control
Crude Death Rate
the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear
Total Fertility Rate
is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime
Five Population Clusters
East Asia ( China, Japan, South Korea – 1/4 of World Population)
South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh – 1/5 of World’s pop. ¾ of this in India)
Europe (Western, Eastern, And Russia – 1/8 of worlds pop in 4 dozen countries.)
South East Asia (series of islands bet. Indian and Pacific Oceans) – ½ billion. Indonesia = #4 pop in world)
Eastern North America (N.E. US, and SE Canada) – 2% of worlds population live here. 5% farmers (very urban))
carrying capacity
maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain
sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population.
population momentum
population growth at the national level that would occur even if levels of childbearing immediately declined to replacement level. For countries with above-replacement fertility (greater than 2.1 children per woman), population momentum represents natural increase to the population.
Natural hazards of population increase
limited resources
limited space
….
Demographic Transition Model- Stage 1
ancient civilizations
short lives
short and flat
Demographic Transition Model- Stage 2
Cambodia, Laos, India, Sub-Sahara Africa, Afgahnistan
living longer, but alot of death
birth rate very high
low gender equality (woman dont have choice)
subsistence farming
Demographic Transition Model- Stage 3
*LABEL OF YOUR SHIRT
Mexico, vietnam, china, brazil, chile
Birth rates now fall and death rates continue to fall.
Natural increase remains high and population growth is rapid.
The birth rates fall as there is better access to family planning and people have begun to appreciate the fact that families are expensive and that women are able to work.
Death rates continue to fall as medical care, water supply and accommodation are improved.
Demographic Transition Model- Stage 4
Less kids, live longer
Europe, USA, Canada…
Expensive to live, career oriented, birth control common, womans rights
Demographic Transition Model- Stage 5
*more old then young
Japan, Italy, Russia
very expensive, anti-natalism policies, access to birth control, very career oriented.
maltus
ALL SCREWED
A British economist that concluded that the rate of population was growing at a faster rate than agricultural productivity leading to over population.
marx
ROBIN HOOD
DISPERSAL IS WHAT IS NOT FAIR
the political, economic, and social principles and policies advocated by Karl Marx that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded
Boserup
“GOD GAVE EVERY MAN ONE MOUTH AND TWO HANDS”
Population growth compels subsistence farmers to consider new farming approaches that produce enough food to take care of the additional people.
Internal migration
MOVEMENT WITHIN A COUNTRY
intraregional migration permanent movement within one region of a country
interregional migration permanent movement from one region of a country to another
international migration
international migration permanent movement from one country to another
transnational migration
migrants who set up homes and/or work in more than one nation-state (People that may work in one country at one season, then in another another season)
transhumance
migration that changes in elevation
agricultural reasons
same are
step migration
moving up the economic scale one STEP at a time
ex- guatemala-MEX-USA$$$$
chain migration
moving to a place that you have family or friends
cluster migration
multiple people moving together
*hard for poor people to all move together
gravity model
closer two things are/bigger they are the more likely they are to react
distance decay/friction of distance
farther less likely they are to react
refugee
forced to migrate across INTERNATIONAL BORDERS as victim
Asylum
migration to escape political persecution
IDP internally dispersed persons
refugees that do not cross inter. borers
STAY IN SAME COUNTRY
diaspora
dispersal of people
Interveining obstacle. oppurtunity
more likely to go close then far
quotas
the amount of people let in the country legally each year
ravenstein’s laws
1) Factors that stimulate migration: conflict, economic conditions, political strife, cultural circumstances, environmental change, and technological advances.
2) Migrants move on basis of their perceptions of particular destinations; distance affects accuracy of perception.
3) Migration usually takes place in stages. Rural-to-urban movement occurs in steps, often from smaller to larger centers. Migrants tend to relocate repeatedly after reaching their destination.
4) Voluntary migrants are stimulated by “pull” as well as “push” factors.
5) Forced migrations result from the imposition of power by stronger peoples over weaker ones.
