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AP Human > Unit 1: Nature Of Geography > Flashcards

Unit 1: Nature Of Geography Flashcards

0
Q

Friction of distance

A

A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places.

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1
Q

Cartagram

A

a map on which statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form.

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2
Q

Mercator projection

A

a projection of a map of the world onto a cylinder in such a way that all the parallels of latitude have the same length as the equator, used especially for marine charts and certain climatological maps.

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3
Q

Latitude

A

Horizontal

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4
Q

Longitude

A

Verticle

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5
Q

Absolute distance

A

The distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer

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6
Q

Absolute location

A

The exact position of an object or place, measured within the spatial coordinates of a grid system

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7
Q

Accessibility

A

The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place

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8
Q

Azimuthal map

A

A amp projection in which the plane is the most developable surface

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9
Q

Breaking

A

The outer edge of a city’s sphere of influence, used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city’s hinterlands that depend on that city for its retail supply

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10
Q

Cloropleth

A

A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit data

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11
Q

Cognitive

A

An image of a portion of the earth’s surface that an individual creates in his or her mind

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12
Q

Connectivity

A

The degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between two places

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13
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

The spread of a disease, innovation, or cultural traits through direct contact with another person or another place

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14
Q

Distance decay effect

A

The decrease in interaction between two phenomena, places, or people as the distance between them increases

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15
Q

Geospacial

A

relating to or denoting data that is associated with a particular location.

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16
Q

Sequent occupant

A

The series of people who occupy a given space

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17
Q

possibilism

A

the theory that the environment sets certian constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by mans actions

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18
Q

centralized

A

to bring under one control

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19
Q

hieracchical

A

relating to any group in which there are higher and lower positions

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20
Q

Concentration

A

strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing extraneous material

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21
Q

Changing attributes of place

A

Built landscape

Sequence occupance

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21
Q

Built landscape

A

The built landscape is represented by those features and patterns reflecting human occupation and use of natural resources

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22
Q

Cultural landscape

A

A geographic area that includes cultural resources and natural resources associated with the interactions between nature and human behavior

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23
Q

Density

A

The frequency with which something occurs in the space

More dots in square spread apart

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24
Q

Hearth

A

The place from which an innovation originates; diffuses from there to other places

25
Q

Node

A

A focal point or place where there is a central focus of the diminishes in important outward. Used to display information about economic areas.

26
Q

Relocation

A

The spread of an idea to physical movement of people from one place to the other; migrate for political, economic, environmental issues that bring their culture with them to a new place.

27
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in the snowballing process

28
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

Spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places of power

29
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population; diseases and ideas spread without relocation

30
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

Spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

McDonald serves lamb burger in India

31
Q

Absolute direction

A

A compass directions such as north or south

32
Q

Relative location

A

Directions based on people’s perception of places

Left right up down

33
Q

Dispersion

A

The pattern of spacing among individuals within geographic population boundaries

34
Q

Concentration

A

Clustered dots

The extent of features spread over space; not same as density. Can have same density but completely different concentration

35
Q

Clustered/agglomerated

A

If objects in the area are close together

36
Q

Dispursed/scattered

A

If objects in an area are relatively far apart

37
Q

Time- space compression

A

The social and psychological factors of living in a world in which time – space convergence has rapidly reached a high level of intensity *Diffusion depends on the connectedness among places

38
Q

Liner pattern

A

Straight pattern, Ex. Houses along the street

39
Q

Centralized pattern

A

Clustered or concentrated at a certain place

40
Q

Random pattern

A

A pattern with no specific order or logic behind its arrangement

41
Q

Natural landscape

A

If physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities

42
Q

Possiblism

A

The theory that a physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives

43
Q

Region

A

An area of the earth distinguished by distinctive combination of cultural and physical features

44
Q

Functional/Nodal region

A

Area organized around a note or focal point place where there is a central focus of diminishes it in importance outwards. Used to display information about economic areas.

45
Q

Vernacular/perceptual region

A

A place that people believe exists as a part of their culture identity from peoples information about sense of place such as mental maps

46
Q

Formal/uniform/homogenous region

A

An area defined by a common characteristic or set of characteristics throughout its whole area

47
Q

Scale

A

Relationship between the portion of earth being studied and the earth as a whole

48
Q

Spatial

A

Of or pertaining to space on or near Earth’s surface. Often a synonym for geographical and used as an adjective to describe specific geographic concepts or processes

49
Q

How a hearth emerges

A

Cultural group must be willing to try something new and be able to allocate resources to nurture the innovation. Group of people must have a technical ability to achieve the desired idea and economic structures, to facilitate implementation of the innovation

50
Q

Cylindrical map

A

Strength: shows direction accurately Weaknesses: moves away from polls, does not show shape and size correctly

51
Q

Mollweide map projection

A

Strengths: entire surface of Earth Weakness: distortion near edges of the map

52
Q

Robinson map projection

A

Strength: shows correct size/shape of most land
Weakness: distortion near edges of map

53
Q

Mercator map projection

A

Strengths: shows direction accurately weakness: distorts land/size

54
Q

Goode-homosoline/ intterupted map

A

Strengths: landmasses most accurate
Weaknesses: breaks up Ocean and leaves missing parts

55
Q

Jared diamond

A

Environmental determinism: everyone is equal, but environment often provides an advantage (not racist)

56
Q

Ellen Churchhill Semple

A

Research people and found traditions I had not changed

Discovered possiblism

57
Q

Ellsworth Huntington

A

Environmental determinism: used to gain power, at the height of racism, very racist (in KKK)

58
Q

Perspective

A

Why you see it
From what angle
Why you see it that way

59
Q

Perception

A

What you see

60
Q

Site

A

Physical feature

61
Q

Situation

A

Something it’s near

AP Human (4 decks)

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