Unit 1: Nature Of Geography Flashcards
Friction of distance
A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places.
Cartagram
a map on which statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form.
Mercator projection
a projection of a map of the world onto a cylinder in such a way that all the parallels of latitude have the same length as the equator, used especially for marine charts and certain climatological maps.
Latitude
Horizontal
Longitude
Verticle
Absolute distance
The distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer
Absolute location
The exact position of an object or place, measured within the spatial coordinates of a grid system
Accessibility
The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place
Azimuthal map
A amp projection in which the plane is the most developable surface
Breaking
The outer edge of a city’s sphere of influence, used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city’s hinterlands that depend on that city for its retail supply
Cloropleth
A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit data
Cognitive
An image of a portion of the earth’s surface that an individual creates in his or her mind
Connectivity
The degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between two places
Contagious diffusion
The spread of a disease, innovation, or cultural traits through direct contact with another person or another place
Distance decay effect
The decrease in interaction between two phenomena, places, or people as the distance between them increases
Geospacial
relating to or denoting data that is associated with a particular location.
Sequent occupant
The series of people who occupy a given space
possibilism
the theory that the environment sets certian constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by mans actions
centralized
to bring under one control
hieracchical
relating to any group in which there are higher and lower positions
Concentration
strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing extraneous material
Changing attributes of place
Built landscape
Sequence occupance
Built landscape
The built landscape is represented by those features and patterns reflecting human occupation and use of natural resources
Cultural landscape
A geographic area that includes cultural resources and natural resources associated with the interactions between nature and human behavior
Density
The frequency with which something occurs in the space
More dots in square spread apart
Hearth
The place from which an innovation originates; diffuses from there to other places
Node
A focal point or place where there is a central focus of the diminishes in important outward. Used to display information about economic areas.
Relocation
The spread of an idea to physical movement of people from one place to the other; migrate for political, economic, environmental issues that bring their culture with them to a new place.
Expansion diffusion
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in the snowballing process
Hierarchical diffusion
Spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places of power
Contagious diffusion
Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population; diseases and ideas spread without relocation
Stimulus diffusion
Spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
McDonald serves lamb burger in India
Absolute direction
A compass directions such as north or south
Relative location
Directions based on people’s perception of places
Left right up down
Dispersion
The pattern of spacing among individuals within geographic population boundaries
Concentration
Clustered dots
The extent of features spread over space; not same as density. Can have same density but completely different concentration
Clustered/agglomerated
If objects in the area are close together
Dispursed/scattered
If objects in an area are relatively far apart
Time- space compression
The social and psychological factors of living in a world in which time – space convergence has rapidly reached a high level of intensity *Diffusion depends on the connectedness among places
Liner pattern
Straight pattern, Ex. Houses along the street
Centralized pattern
Clustered or concentrated at a certain place
Random pattern
A pattern with no specific order or logic behind its arrangement
Natural landscape
If physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities
Possiblism
The theory that a physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
Region
An area of the earth distinguished by distinctive combination of cultural and physical features
Functional/Nodal region
Area organized around a note or focal point place where there is a central focus of diminishes it in importance outwards. Used to display information about economic areas.
Vernacular/perceptual region
A place that people believe exists as a part of their culture identity from peoples information about sense of place such as mental maps
Formal/uniform/homogenous region
An area defined by a common characteristic or set of characteristics throughout its whole area
Scale
Relationship between the portion of earth being studied and the earth as a whole
Spatial
Of or pertaining to space on or near Earth’s surface. Often a synonym for geographical and used as an adjective to describe specific geographic concepts or processes
How a hearth emerges
Cultural group must be willing to try something new and be able to allocate resources to nurture the innovation. Group of people must have a technical ability to achieve the desired idea and economic structures, to facilitate implementation of the innovation
Cylindrical map
Strength: shows direction accurately Weaknesses: moves away from polls, does not show shape and size correctly
Mollweide map projection
Strengths: entire surface of Earth Weakness: distortion near edges of the map
Robinson map projection
Strength: shows correct size/shape of most land
Weakness: distortion near edges of map
Mercator map projection
Strengths: shows direction accurately weakness: distorts land/size
Goode-homosoline/ intterupted map
Strengths: landmasses most accurate
Weaknesses: breaks up Ocean and leaves missing parts
Jared diamond
Environmental determinism: everyone is equal, but environment often provides an advantage (not racist)
Ellen Churchhill Semple
Research people and found traditions I had not changed
Discovered possiblism
Ellsworth Huntington
Environmental determinism: used to gain power, at the height of racism, very racist (in KKK)
Perspective
Why you see it
From what angle
Why you see it that way
Perception
What you see
Site
Physical feature
Situation
Something it’s near
