Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the relationship between motivation and survival?
Motivation is linked to survival, not only in terms of life and death but also in social aspects.
What are the three main stages of the motivational process?
- Choice of target/objective – Deciding which motive to satisfy.
- Behavioral dynamism – Acting to achieve the goal.
- Completion or control – Assessing if the goal was met.
What factors influence the choice of a target in motivation?
- Intensity of the motive (strength of the need).
- Incentive attractiveness (value of the goal).
- Subjective probability of success (likelihood of achievement).
- Striving for the goal (expected effort needed).
What is behavioral dynamism in motivation?
The process of selecting and performing actions that lead to the chosen goal.
What happens in the completion phase of motivation?
The individual evaluates whether their actions successfully satisfied their motive and decides whether to continue or adjust.
How does the motivational process apply to real-life examples?
- Carlos wants to get in shape → Sets a goal to run a 5K.
- Laura wants to improve her painting skills → Practices but later gives up when she sees no improvement.
Why is motivation more complex than a simple three-step process?
Motivation also involves factors like altruism and addiction, which don’t follow a simple structure.
What are the key steps in the detailed motivational process?
- Stimulus
- Perception
- Evaluation
- Choice of goal
- Decision to act
- Activation
- Direction
- Control of results
What is the role of perception in motivation?
If a person does not perceive a stimulus, they will not feel motivated to act.
How does evaluation influence motivation?
A person assesses the likelihood of success and the value of the goal before acting.
How do need, goal value, and expectation interact in motivation?
Motivation is strongest when all three are high. If any are absent, motivation decreases.
What real-life example shows the power of need in motivation?
Survivors of the Andes disaster faced extreme hunger. Despite little expectation of finding food, their strong need for survival led them to eat whatever was available.
What are the three types of activation in motivation?
- Initial activation – Detecting a need.
- Selective activation – Activating only necessary systems.
- Goal-directed activation – Focusing on goal-related actions.
What are the two levels of direction in motivation?
- Choosing the goal itself.
- Selecting the behaviors needed to achieve it.
What factors influence whether a person persists or abandons a goal?
- Progress monitoring
- Goal attractiveness
- Causal attribution (reasoning for success/failure)
- Willingness to change or persist
What is homeostasis in motivation?
The body’s process of maintaining internal balance in response to external changes.
What is an example of homeostasis in action?
If a person feels cold, they shiver (physiological response) and put on a jacket (behavioral response).
What is negative feedback in motivation?
A control mechanism that stops behavior once a need is satisfied.
How does negative feedback work in reducing stress?
When a person takes a break from work to reduce anxiety, their body recognizes the lowered stress and stops the need for continued rest.
What is the relationship between necessity and demand in motivation?
The higher the need, the lower the demand for quality in satisfying it.
What is the difference between the approach and consummation phases in motivation?
- Approach phase – Seeking and preparing for a goal.
- Consummation phase – Completing the behavior to satisfy the goal.
How is motivation an adaptive process?
Motivation adjusts to internal and external factors to ensure survival and goal achievement.
What are the cognitive aspects of motivation?
- Analysis – Evaluating available resources.
- Assessment – Judging the difficulty of the goal.
- Attribution – Deciding what caused success or failure.
What are the affective (emotional) aspects of motivation?
Emotions like excitement, frustration, or fear influence motivation levels.
What is the final step in the motivational process?
Verification – Checking if the goal was met and determining future actions.
