Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the name given to the process by which one cell divides to form.two during growth?
Mitosis/Cell Division
What is the chromosome complement for humans and how many do our gametes carry?
-46
-23
What are two types of stem cells?
-Embryonic and Adult Tissue
What is the name given to the structures that hold genes ?
Chromosomes
What are the two parts of the Central Nervous System?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What are the three parts that make up the human nervous system?
Brain , Spinal Cord and Nerves
What three parts make up the brain and what do they each control?
Medulla- Controls breathing +heart rate
Cerebellum- Controls balance and co-ordination
Cerebrum- Conscious thought and memory
Name some tissues found within a plant
Phloem, Xylem, Mesophyll
Name some plant organs
Root, Stem, Flower, Leaf
Name the levels of organisation in a living thing
Cell>Tissue>Organ>Organ System>Organism
Name the three nerves involved in a reflex action and the order they travel in
Sensory Neuron- Carries an electrical impulse to inter neuron
Inter Neuron- Carries electrical impulse from sensory neuron to motor Neuron
Motor Neuron - Carries the impulse to effectors ( muscle or gland) to enable a responce
Name the three parts which make up a neuron
Sensory Fibre, Cell body, axon fibre
What is the name given to a structure composed of several different tissues to perform one or more functions?
Organ
What is the name given to the gap between neurons and what does it allow so a nerve impulse can pass?
A synapse and a chemical passes across it
What glucose sugar is stored in the liver ?
Glycogen
Where do hormones go to when they travel through the bloodstream?
Target tissues
Name the glands responsible for secreting hormones
Endocrine glands
When the blood glucose level falls which hormone is released by the pancreas ?
Glucagon
Where in the sperm is the genetic material found?
In the nucleus which is in the head of the sperm
Where is the site of fertilisation in mammals?.
The oviduct
Why is an egg larger than a sperm ?
It contains a cytoplasm that has a food store
True or False?
Plants have both male and female reproductive parts?
True
What part of the plant contains the male sex cells and where are they held?
The sex cells are in the pollen found in the anther
What is the name given to the first cell cell formed when an egg and sperm nuclei fuse during fertilisation and what forms after it has divided repeatedly by mitosis?
It’s first called a zygote and then later becomes an embryo
What is the name given to sites involved in the production of gametes ?
Gonads
What is the name given to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to stigma and what are the two forms of it ?
- Pollination
- Wind Pollination/Insect Pollination
What does the ovule of the plant become following fertilisation?
The seed
What is the name given to the process by which a seed starts to grow into a new plant ?
Germination
What is it in the pollinated flowers that attracts insects?
Nectar in the nectary
What are the two types of variation and give an example of each ?
Discrete : eye colour, hair colour, fingerprint type
Continuous : Height, Weight, Hand span
What is the name given to an allele that masks the effect of an another and how is it written?
A dominant allele and is traditionally shown by a capital letter
What are the two types of genotype?
Homozygous ( Both uppercase/lowercase )
Heterozygous ( One dominant and one recessive )
Give a term used when both parents are homozygous ?
True breeding
What name is given to inheritance where a characteristic is controlled by more than one gene?
Polymeric Inheritance
What other factor can contribute to ur overall phenotype?
Environmental factors
What is a phenotype ?
The physical part of a genotype
In what plant organ does the the process of photosynthesis occur
The leaves
What is found at the end of roots to increase their surface area to absorb mineral salts?
Root hairs
By what process does water enter a root hair from the surrounding soil?
Osmosis
What is the name given to the vessels found in the stem that transport water to leaves?
Xylem vessels
What is transpiration?
The process in which excess water is lost to evaporation in order to cool down the plant
What condition causes the rate of transpiration to decrease ?
High Humidity
What cells control the opening and closing or stomata ?
Guard cells
What is the name given to vessels that transport sugar only up and down a plant?
Phloem vessels
What two parts make up the phloem?
Sieve tubes and companion cells
Which system in the body allows the rapid transport of useful material like glucose and oxygen to all living cells?
The circularity system
What 3 parts make up the circulatory system?
The heart , blood vessels and the blood
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Left/Right Atrium , Left/Right Ventricle
Which type or blood vessel carries blood away from the heart and which one carries blood to ?
Away =Arteries
In= VeINs
Name the blood vessel that carries deoxyginated blood back to the heart from the body?
Vena Cave
By which blood vessel does blood leave the right ventricle to travel to the lungs?
The pulmonary artery
True or False
Arteries have thick muscular walls
True
What are capillaries good for ?
Exchange of materials
What name is given to the first branch of the aorta that carries the oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself?
The coronary artery
What red pigment is found in blood and what does it do?
Haemoglobin and it absorbs oxgen
True or False
Red blood cells have a nucleus
False
What are the two types of white blood cells?
Phagocytes and Lymphocytes
What are the rings that strengthen the trachea made from ?
Cartilage
True or False
Alveoli are responsible for oxygen entering the blood
True
Where in the body is digestion completed?
The small intestine
When fat is broken down and digested what is it into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
