Unit 2

Question 1

Triglyceride

Answer 1

Energy Storage

Question 2

Phospholipid

Answer 2

Membrane bilayer

Question 3

Steroid

Answer 3

Signaling

Question 4

Amphipathic

Answer 4

hydrophilic and hydrophobic; allows to form bilayers

Question 5

Reaction to form ester bonds between fatty acids

Answer 5

condensation

Question 6

Osmosis

Answer 6

water moves from low to high concentration

Question 7

Hypotonic

Answer 7

High concentration in cell; cell swells

Question 8

Hypertonic

Answer 8

Low concentration in cell; cell shrinks

Question 9

Simple Diffusion

Answer 9

freely move through; with concentration gradient

Question 10

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

molecules get checked before entering; doesn’t require energy; with concentration gradient

Question 11

Active Transport

Answer 11

require energy to let through; moves against or with concentration gradient

Question 12

Solid or liquid? Bent or Straight? Saturated

Answer 12

solid-straight

Question 13

Solid or liquid? Bent or Straight? cis-unsaturated

Answer 13

liquid-bent

Question 14

Solid or liquid? Bent or Straight? trans-unsaturated

Answer 14

solid-straight

Question 15

Characteristics of Cis-unsaturated

Answer 15

H on same side-bent

Question 16

Characteristics of Trans-unsaturated

Answer 16

H on diff side- straight

Question 17

Plasma membrane

Answer 17

protect cell; both

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

structure/shape; both

Question 19

Chromosome

Answer 19

carries genes; both(linear in eukaryotes)

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

make proteins; both

Question 21

Cell wall

Answer 21

shape, protect; both

Question 22

ECM

Answer 22

extracellular matrix, contains proteins; both

Question 23

Flagella

Answer 23

whip to move; both

Question 24

cytoskeleton

Answer 24

shape, facilitate movement/organization; both

Question 25

Fimbriae

Answer 25

anchor; prokaryotes

Question 26

Nucleus

Answer 26

house/regulate DNA; eukaryotes

Question 27

Nuclear envelope

Answer 27

restrictive double membrane

Question 28

Nuclear pores

Answer 28

transport

Question 29

Nuclear Lamina

Answer 29

Shape/anchor

Question 30

Nucleolus

Answer 30

anchor; eukaryotes

Question 31

Smooth ER

Answer 31

synthesize steroids(important for hormones); eukaryotes

Question 32

Rough ER

Answer 32

ribosomes make proteins; eukaryotes

Question 33

Golgi

Answer 33

sort/package; eukaryotes

Question 34

Secretory Vesicles

Answer 34

deliver proteins(exocytosis); eukaryotes

Question 35

Lysosome

Answer 35

recycle, store hydrolases, digest macromolecules; eukaryotes

Question 36

Peroxisomes

Answer 36

similar to lysosomes, detox, breakdown fatty acids; eukaryotes

Question 37

Vacuole

Answer 37

store water/solutes; eukaryotes(plants)

Question 38

Mitochondria

Answer 38

energy, aerobic respiration; eukaryotes

Question 39

Chloroplast

Answer 39

photosynthesis; eukaryotes(plants)

Question 40

Steroids

Answer 40

carbon rings that help make hormones

Question 41

Integral membrane proteins are anchored in lipid bilayers. Which of the following groups of amino acid residues would likely be found in the portion that crosses the lipid bilayer?

Answer 41

non polar

Question 42

TorF: Triacylglycerols, triglycerides, and fats all describe the same lipid structure composed of three fatty acids linked to glycerol.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False: Steroids are a family of lipids distinguished by the bulky, four-ring structure.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What are two ways to increase the melting point of lipids and increase the likelihood they would be solid at room temperature?

Answer 44

Replace all the double C=C bonds with single bonds. Increase the length of the hydrocarbon tail

Question 45

Suppose a cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of potassium and no sodium. How would the cellular sodium–potassium pump function in this environment?

Answer 45

It would continue using ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

Question 46

If a solution surrounding a cell is hypertonic relative to the inside of the cell, how will water move?

Answer 46

It will move out of the cell via osmosis.

Question 47

What two conditions must be present for osmosis to occur?

Answer 47

Concentration gradient for a solute Membrane that is permeable to water but not to the solute

Question 48

Cells that line your intestines are known to possess a large number of membrane proteins that transport small molecules and ions across the plasma membrane. Which of the following cell structures would you expect to be required for this characteristic of the cells?

Answer 48

The endoplasmic reticulum

Question 49

Molecular zip codes direct molecules to particular destinations in the cell. How are these signals read?

Answer 49

They bind to receptor proteins.

Question 50

How do the extracellular filaments in plants differ from those in animals?

Answer 50

Animal filaments consist of proteins; plant filaments consist of polysaccharides.

Question 51

Tight junctions

Answer 51

water tight barrier for signaling

Question 52

Desmosomes

Answer 52

Associates with cytoskeletal components to resist pulling forces

Question 53

Gap Junctions

Answer 53

Communication between adjacent cells

Question 54

Adhesion

Answer 54

Uses components of the extracellular matrix to indirectly connect adjacent cells

Question 55

Transduction

Answer 55

The physical form of the signal changes between the outside of the cell and the inside.

Question 56

True or False: G proteins are molecular switches because they cycle between on and off states in response to signal receptor binding events.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

True or False: Second messengers are restricted to a single role in order to avoid competing and contradictory internal signaling.

Answer 57

False