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BIO 101 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Triglyceride

A

Energy Storage

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2
Q

Phospholipid

A

Membrane bilayer

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3
Q

Steroid

A

Signaling

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4
Q

Amphipathic

A

hydrophilic and hydrophobic; allows to form bilayers

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5
Q

Reaction to form ester bonds between fatty acids

A

condensation

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6
Q

Osmosis

A

water moves from low to high concentration

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7
Q

Hypotonic

A

High concentration in cell; cell swells

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8
Q

Hypertonic

A

Low concentration in cell; cell shrinks

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9
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

freely move through; with concentration gradient

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10
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

molecules get checked before entering; doesn’t require energy; with concentration gradient

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11
Q

Active Transport

A

require energy to let through; moves against or with concentration gradient

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12
Q

Solid or liquid? Bent or Straight? Saturated

A

solid-straight

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13
Q

Solid or liquid? Bent or Straight? cis-unsaturated

A

liquid-bent

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14
Q

Solid or liquid? Bent or Straight? trans-unsaturated

A

solid-straight

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15
Q

Characteristics of Cis-unsaturated

A

H on same side-bent

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16
Q

Characteristics of Trans-unsaturated

A

H on diff side- straight

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17
Q

Plasma membrane

A

protect cell; both

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18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

structure/shape; both

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19
Q

Chromosome

A

carries genes; both(linear in eukaryotes)

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20
Q

Ribosomes

A

make proteins; both

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21
Q

Cell wall

A

shape, protect; both

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22
Q

ECM

A

extracellular matrix, contains proteins; both

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23
Q

Flagella

A

whip to move; both

24
Q

cytoskeleton

A

shape, facilitate movement/organization; both

25
Q

Fimbriae

A

anchor; prokaryotes

26
Q

Nucleus

A

house/regulate DNA; eukaryotes

27
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

restrictive double membrane

28
Q

Nuclear pores

A

transport

29
Q

Nuclear Lamina

A

Shape/anchor

30
Q

Nucleolus

A

anchor; eukaryotes

31
Q

Smooth ER

A

synthesize steroids(important for hormones); eukaryotes

32
Q

Rough ER

A

ribosomes make proteins; eukaryotes

33
Q

Golgi

A

sort/package; eukaryotes

34
Q

Secretory Vesicles

A

deliver proteins(exocytosis); eukaryotes

35
Q

Lysosome

A

recycle, store hydrolases, digest macromolecules; eukaryotes

36
Q

Peroxisomes

A

similar to lysosomes, detox, breakdown fatty acids; eukaryotes

37
Q

Vacuole

A

store water/solutes; eukaryotes(plants)

38
Q

Mitochondria

A

energy, aerobic respiration; eukaryotes

39
Q

Chloroplast

A

photosynthesis; eukaryotes(plants)

40
Q

Steroids

A

carbon rings that help make hormones

41
Q

Integral membrane proteins are anchored in lipid bilayers. Which of the following groups of amino acid residues would likely be found in the portion that crosses the lipid bilayer?

A

non polar

42
Q

TorF: Triacylglycerols, triglycerides, and fats all describe the same lipid structure composed of three fatty acids linked to glycerol.

A

True

43
Q

True or False: Steroids are a family of lipids distinguished by the bulky, four-ring structure.

A

True

44
Q

What are two ways to increase the melting point of lipids and increase the likelihood they would be solid at room temperature?

A

Replace all the double C=C bonds with single bonds.
Increase the length of the hydrocarbon tail

45
Q

Suppose a cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of potassium and no sodium. How would the cellular sodium–potassium pump function in this environment?

A

It would continue using ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

46
Q

If a solution surrounding a cell is hypertonic relative to the inside of the cell, how will water move?

A

It will move out of the cell via osmosis.

47
Q

What two conditions must be present for osmosis to occur?

A

Concentration gradient for a solute
Membrane that is permeable to water but not to the solute

48
Q

Cells that line your intestines are known to possess a large number of membrane proteins that transport small molecules and ions across the plasma membrane. Which of the following cell structures would you expect to be required for this characteristic of the cells?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum

49
Q

Molecular zip codes direct molecules to particular destinations in the cell. How are these signals read?

A

They bind to receptor proteins.

50
Q

How do the extracellular filaments in plants differ from those in animals?

A

Animal filaments consist of proteins; plant filaments consist of polysaccharides.

51
Q

Tight junctions

A

water tight barrier for signaling

52
Q

Desmosomes

A

Associates with cytoskeletal components to resist pulling forces

53
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Communication between adjacent cells

54
Q

Adhesion

A

Uses components of the extracellular matrix to indirectly connect adjacent cells

55
Q

Transduction

A

The physical form of the signal changes between the outside of the cell and the inside.

56
Q

True or False: G proteins are molecular switches because they cycle between on and off states in response to signal receptor binding events.

A

True

57
Q

True or False: Second messengers are restricted to a single role in order to avoid competing and contradictory internal signaling.

A

False

BIO 101 (2 decks)

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