Unit 2 Flashcards
What were some concerns of both the British and the French after the Seven Years War?
- British believed that the French of New France could not be relied upon in times of war
- The French did not trust the British leaders
- French church leaders and seigneurs feared a loss of power
- French were not allowed to trade with France anymore, thereby causing their economy to be in disarray
- Many French were born in New France, and this was home; they didn’t want to or have the money to go back to France
- British entrepreneurs moved their businesses to New France
Who did the First Nations in the Ohio Valley create good alliances with - the British or the French?
The French
What did the British do to the First Nations in order to get rid of them?
Gave them smallpox infected blankets
Who was Chief Pontiac?
An Odawa chief who tried to build alliances with the British
What did Chief Pontiac do?
He gathered FN together to attack and set fire to 9 out of the 12 British forts in order to maintain their lands and hunting grounds; this became known as Pontiac’s War; this was two years of fighting; ended in a truce
Name and explain the four possible courses of action that BNA was considering to do to the French population?
- Expulsion - get rid of them, like the Acadians
- Anglicization - assimilate the French into British so their culture would disappear
- Continue with the French Seig. System so they would be happy and loyal
- Separate Colonies so the French would be happy
**difficult to do, cost, to govern, etc.
Define the Royal Proclamation
- create a boundary between the Thirteen Colonies and the Ohio Valley
- this would force more Americans to move north to BNA, thereby making BNA more anglicized and force the French to be more English
However, the Americans that moved north were not well-liked as they were not as hard-working, whined, and did not like the cold environment
Define the Quebec Act
-replaced the Royal Proclamation
-enlarged Quebec’s territory into the Ohio Valley
-guaranteed French language rights
-allowed French property and laws
-reinstated a church tax
However, this really angered the British who were living in the area creating much discontent, esp the Thirteen Colonies
What was the American War of Independence?
The rebels stated that they would not be a part of the Quebec Act, and deemed the Thirteen Colonies would act independently of Britain, and went to war against them
Who were the Loyalists?
The people from Thirteen Colonies who did not mind being under British control, and due to the War of Independence, headed north to BNA in order to remain safe
Define the Constitutional Act
Due to a growing rift between the French and the British in BNA, the governor-general decided that they would split Canada into upper and lower Canada, and each nationality would get one section; they would try to run two separate colonies within BNA; this did not work well, and it was decided that Upper and lower Canada would unite as one called the Province of Canada
Why was there a mass European migration for the first half of the 1800s?
Famine, poverty, poor working conditions caused many to migrate to BNA with the promise of land and open space; they were unprepared for the hard work that greeted them
What was the war of 1812 all about?
-between Britain and France
-each were trying to block each others’ ports from receiving goods from the US
-as well, many ignoring treaties with FN and moving west onto their lands
-the British helped the FN despite initial strains in the relationship because both did not want settlers to move west
-in order to get back at Britain, the US attacked Canada
-US troops unprepared for battle
-ended in a stalemate
-this war caused the queen to move the capital city from Toronto to Ottawa
Who was Thomas Douglas?
a wealthy landowner in Scotland who brought a large tract of land to help displaced Scottish highlanders who had their land taken away
What were three things Douglas promised HBC?
- to provide 200 men annually for the HBC fur trade
- to supply agricultural food to the trade posts
- provide a place of retirement for HBC workers
Describe the Selkirk settlement
-wasn’t ready for them when they arrived
-was an extremely difficult journey by ship to York Factory, then York boats down the river system to the Forks
-the Metis/FN were welcoming at first and helped them survive their first winter
-caused a rift between the two fur trading companies due to its location right in the middle of the NWC route
What was the Pemmican Proclamation?
it forbade the export of pemmican; this was done to gain the upper hand of the HBC over NWC; also to preserve and keep food within the region for its starving farmers; this ban led to a confrontation
What was the Battle of Seven Oaks?
-60 Metis/FN were heading illegally to Lk Wpg to trade pemmican
-were confronted by 29 HBC/settlers; most were killed
-bolstered by this win, the Metis/FN threatened to kill anyone on their lands
-settlers fled north to present-day Selkirk in order to avoid confrontation
What was the most sought after item at Fort Gibraltor?
blankets and cloth
