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Human Geography > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

Population Terms, Demographic Transition, Epidemiological Transition, and Population Pyramids.

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1
Q

What is Demography?

A

The study of population

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2
Q

What do geographers care about in regard to population?

A
  • The population size
  • The rate of increase of world population (most growth has been in less developed countries over the last 100 years)
  • The unequal distribution of population growth
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3
Q

What are the four major population clusters?

A

East Asia
South Asia
Southwest Asia
Europe

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4
Q

What is Ecumene?

A

Areas where humans permanently settle

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5
Q

People do not live where it is….

A

Too high, too cold, too wet, and too dry

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6
Q

What does a J Curve represent according to population?

A

The increase in human population or other activity

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7
Q

What is Density?

A

The population density measured as the number of people per unit area of land

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8
Q

What is Physiological Density?

A

The number of people per unit area of arable

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9
Q

What is Agricultural Density?

A

The number of farmers per unit area of arable land

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10
Q

What is Carrying Capacity?

A

The number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.

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11
Q

Describe a Population Pyramid.

A

A diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and females in each age group.

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12
Q

What do the different shapes of population pyramids mean in relation to population growth and types of communities they represent?

A

Wider base = Growing population
Diamond = Shrinking population
“Building” = Stable population

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13
Q

What is Crude Birth Rate?

A

Number of births per 1,000

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14
Q

What is Crude Death Rate?

A

Number of deaths per 1,000

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15
Q

What is Natural Increase Rate?

A

Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate = Natural Increase Rate

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16
Q

What is Doubling Time?

A

Amount of time it takes for a population to double if Natural Increase Rate (NIR) stays stable

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17
Q

What is Total Fertility Rate?

A

Average number of children a woman will have

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18
Q

What is Infant Mortality Rate?

A

Average number of children who die before their first birthday

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19
Q

What is Life Expectancy?

A

Average number of years a person lives

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20
Q

What is the Dependency Ratio?

A

The percentage of people under age of 15 and over the age of 65

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21
Q

What happens in Stage 1 of a Demographic Transition Model?

A

Birth rate = high
Death rate = high
Natural Increase = stable or slow increase

22
Q

What happens in Stage 2 of a Demographic Transition Model?

A

Birth rate = high
Death rate = falls rapidly
Natural Increase = very rapid increase

23
Q

What happens in Stage 3 of a Demographic Transition Model?

A

Birth rate = falling
Death rate = falls more slowly
Natural Increase = increase then slows down

24
Q

What happens in Stage 4 of a Demographic Transition Model?

A

Birth rate = low
Death rate = low
Natural Increase = falling and then stable

25
Q

What happens in Stage 5 of a Demographic Transition Model?

A

Birth rate = rises again
Death rate = low
Natural Increase = stable or slow increase

26
Q

What areas of the world are in stage 1?

A

None

27
Q

What areas of the world are in stage 2?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

28
Q

What areas of the world are in stage 3?

A

China, India, parts of Asia or Latin America

29
Q

What areas of the world are in stage 4?

A

United States, Europeans Countries, and Japan

30
Q

What areas of the world are in stage 5?

A

None, but in the future, more countries will be in stage 5

31
Q

What is the Epidemiological Transition?

A

Shows why do people die in each stage of the Demographic Transition Model

32
Q

Overpopulation

A

Too many people for the resources available

33
Q

Unerpopulation

A

Too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population standard of living

Italy, Russia, Japan, Finland, and Sweden

34
Q

Which two countries in the world today have over a billion people?

A

China AND India

35
Q

What are the most densely populated countries in the world today?

A

Macao, Monaco, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Gibraltar

36
Q

What is Migration?

A

The physical movement of people from one place to another… can be same country or other countries

37
Q

What is Immigration?

A

International Movement

38
Q

What is the difference between interregional and intraregional migration?

A

Interregional = the permanent movement from one region of a country to another region
Intraregional = the permanent movement within a single region of a country

39
Q

What is Chain Migration?

A

People are more likely to move to where people they know live, and each new immigrant makes people they know more likely to move there in turn.

40
Q

What is Step Migration?

A

Migration that occurs stage by stage; usually rural inhabitants move closer to urban areas of growth.

41
Q

What is Counter Migration?

A

Migration in the opposite direction.

42
Q

What is a Intervening Obstacle?

A

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

43
Q

Describe Wilbur Zelinsky’s Migration Transition.

A

Proposed that changes in society are comparable with those in the demographic transition.

Migration transition results from the social and economic changes that are produced in the demographic transition.

44
Q

What are the 3 types of Push and Pull factors?

A

Cultural, Environmental, and Economic

45
Q

What is a Refugee?

A

Someone who has been forced from their homes and cannot return because of their religion, race, nationality, or political opinion.

46
Q

What is an Internally Displaced Person?

A

Someone who has been forced from their homes and relocate WITHIN the country.

47
Q

What are Guest Workers?

A

Individuals who migrate temporarily to take up jobs in other countries.

48
Q

What is the MAIN reason people move?

A

Economic Reasons

49
Q

What is an example of an Environmental Pull Factor? Push Factor?

A

Pull = nice weather
Push = natural disaster

50
Q

What is an example of an Economic Pull Factor? Push Factor?

A

Pull = job benefits or increase in money
Push = loss of job or company shuts down

Human Geography (3 decks)

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