Unit 2 Flashcards
Population Terms, Demographic Transition, Epidemiological Transition, and Population Pyramids.
What is Demography?
The study of population
What do geographers care about in regard to population?
- The population size
- The rate of increase of world population (most growth has been in less developed countries over the last 100 years)
- The unequal distribution of population growth
What are the four major population clusters?
East Asia
South Asia
Southwest Asia
Europe
What is Ecumene?
Areas where humans permanently settle
People do not live where it is….
Too high, too cold, too wet, and too dry
What does a J Curve represent according to population?
The increase in human population or other activity
What is Density?
The population density measured as the number of people per unit area of land
What is Physiological Density?
The number of people per unit area of arable
What is Agricultural Density?
The number of farmers per unit area of arable land
What is Carrying Capacity?
The number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.
Describe a Population Pyramid.
A diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and females in each age group.
What do the different shapes of population pyramids mean in relation to population growth and types of communities they represent?
Wider base = Growing population
Diamond = Shrinking population
“Building” = Stable population
What is Crude Birth Rate?
Number of births per 1,000
What is Crude Death Rate?
Number of deaths per 1,000
What is Natural Increase Rate?
Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate = Natural Increase Rate
What is Doubling Time?
Amount of time it takes for a population to double if Natural Increase Rate (NIR) stays stable
What is Total Fertility Rate?
Average number of children a woman will have
What is Infant Mortality Rate?
Average number of children who die before their first birthday
What is Life Expectancy?
Average number of years a person lives
What is the Dependency Ratio?
The percentage of people under age of 15 and over the age of 65
What happens in Stage 1 of a Demographic Transition Model?
Birth rate = high
Death rate = high
Natural Increase = stable or slow increase
What happens in Stage 2 of a Demographic Transition Model?
Birth rate = high
Death rate = falls rapidly
Natural Increase = very rapid increase
What happens in Stage 3 of a Demographic Transition Model?
Birth rate = falling
Death rate = falls more slowly
Natural Increase = increase then slows down
What happens in Stage 4 of a Demographic Transition Model?
Birth rate = low
Death rate = low
Natural Increase = falling and then stable
What happens in Stage 5 of a Demographic Transition Model?
Birth rate = rises again
Death rate = low
Natural Increase = stable or slow increase
What areas of the world are in stage 1?
None
What areas of the world are in stage 2?
Sub-Saharan Africa
What areas of the world are in stage 3?
China, India, parts of Asia or Latin America
What areas of the world are in stage 4?
United States, Europeans Countries, and Japan
What areas of the world are in stage 5?
None, but in the future, more countries will be in stage 5
What is the Epidemiological Transition?
Shows why do people die in each stage of the Demographic Transition Model
Overpopulation
Too many people for the resources available
Unerpopulation
Too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population standard of living
Italy, Russia, Japan, Finland, and Sweden
Which two countries in the world today have over a billion people?
China AND India
What are the most densely populated countries in the world today?
Macao, Monaco, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Gibraltar
What is Migration?
The physical movement of people from one place to another… can be same country or other countries
What is Immigration?
International Movement
What is the difference between interregional and intraregional migration?
Interregional = the permanent movement from one region of a country to another region
Intraregional = the permanent movement within a single region of a country
What is Chain Migration?
People are more likely to move to where people they know live, and each new immigrant makes people they know more likely to move there in turn.
What is Step Migration?
Migration that occurs stage by stage; usually rural inhabitants move closer to urban areas of growth.
What is Counter Migration?
Migration in the opposite direction.
What is a Intervening Obstacle?
An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.
Describe Wilbur Zelinsky’s Migration Transition.
Proposed that changes in society are comparable with those in the demographic transition.
Migration transition results from the social and economic changes that are produced in the demographic transition.
What are the 3 types of Push and Pull factors?
Cultural, Environmental, and Economic
What is a Refugee?
Someone who has been forced from their homes and cannot return because of their religion, race, nationality, or political opinion.
What is an Internally Displaced Person?
Someone who has been forced from their homes and relocate WITHIN the country.
What are Guest Workers?
Individuals who migrate temporarily to take up jobs in other countries.
What is the MAIN reason people move?
Economic Reasons
What is an example of an Environmental Pull Factor? Push Factor?
Pull = nice weather
Push = natural disaster
What is an example of an Economic Pull Factor? Push Factor?
Pull = job benefits or increase in money
Push = loss of job or company shuts down
