Unit 1

Question 1

Culture Hearths

Answer 1

Sources of civilization from which an idea, innovation, or ideology originates.

Question 2

The seven original culture hearths are:

Answer 2

1. The Nile River Valley
2. The Indus River Valley
3. The Wei-Huang Valley
4. The Ganges River Valley
5. Mesopotamia
6. Mesoamerica
7. West Africa

Question 3

Cultural Diffusion

Answer 3

The spread of an innovation, or ideology from its source area to another culture.

Question 4

RELOCATION DIFFUSION

Answer 4

The spread of an innovation, or ideology through physical movement of individuals.
Examples:
Christianity spread through missionaries
Indian food became popular in other countries because people from India migrated to these locations.
Spanish language spread as Spanish speakers migrated to different parts of the world

Question 5

EXPANSION DIFFUSION

Answer 5

AN INNOVATION, OR IDEOLOGY DEVELOPS IN A SOURCE AREA AND REMAINS STRONG THERE WHILE ALSO SPREADING OUTWARD.

Question 6

What are the three types of expansion diffusion?

Answer 6

• Contagious
• Hierarchical
• Stimulus

Question 7

Contagious Diffusion

Answer 7

Nearly all adjacent individuals are affected. It spreads like wave or wildfire.

Question 8

Hierarchical Diffusion

Answer 8

The idea or innovation spreads to places of power or places that are more connected first.

Question 9

Stimulus Diffusion

Answer 9

An underlying principle spreads, but it changes in the next location to fit the cultural needs of the new place.

Question 10

What are the three Diffusion Barriers?

Answer 10

CULTURAL
EX: Languages, Religious Beliefs, Political Factors
PHYSICAL
EX: Mountains, Rivers, Deserts, Oceans
ECONOMIC
EX: Lack of Money

Question 11

Distance Decay

Answer 11

As the distance between two places increases, the interaction between those two places decreases.

Question 12

Space-Time Compression

Answer 12

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system.

Question 13

Friction of Distance

Answer 13

based on the notion that distance usually requires some amount of effort, money, and/or energy to overcome.

Question 14

Studying the Human-Environment Interaction

Answer 14

We look at the relationship between humans and the environment.

People depend, adapt, and modify the environment

Question 15

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

Answer 15

All human-induced changes that involve the surface of the earth.

Carl Sauer - “The forms superimposed on the psychical landscape by the activities of man.”

Question 16

Cultural Ecology

Answer 16

The multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment.

Question 17

Environmental Determinism

Answer 17

Human Behavior and culture is influenced by the environment and only the environment

Question 18

Possibilism

Answer 18

The environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions.

Question 19

Location

Answer 19

Where a place is

Question 20

Absolute Location

Answer 20

The exact location of a place

Question 21

Relative Location

Answer 21

Location of a place in relation to other places

Question 22

Absolute Direction

Answer 22

North, East, South, West

Question 23

Relative Direction

Answer 23

Middle East, Up North

Question 24

Absolute Distance

Answer 24

Miles, inches, kilometers, centimeters

Question 25

Relative Distance

Answer 25

“It’s about 10 minutes away.”

Question 26

Place

Answer 26

Describes a location

Question 27

Reference Maps

Answer 27

Shows locations of places and geographic features

Absolute Locations

Question 28

Thematic Maps

Answer 28

Tell a story about the degree of an attribute, the pattern of its distribution, or it’s movement

Relative Locations

Question 29

Choropleth Map

Answer 29

Used to represent statistical data through various shading patterns or symbols on predetermined geographic areas

Question 30

Isoline Map

Answer 30

a thematic map with lines that connect points of equal

Question 31

Dot Map

Answer 31

One dot represents a certain number of phenomenon such as population

Question 32

Graduated Circle Map

Answer 32

Size of symbol shows the value of the topic of the map

Question 33

Cartogram Map

Answer 33

takes some measurable variable and then manipulates a place’s area to be sized accordingly

Question 34

Mental Map

Answer 34

Maps we carry in our minds of places we have been and places we have heard of

Question 35

Activity Space

Answer 35

The places we travel to routinely in our rounds of daily activity

Question 36

Map Projection

Answer 36

The earth is round. Taking a round object and attempting to flatten it is challenging

Question 37

What are the four major types of map distortions?

Answer 37

• Shape
• Distance
• Relative Size
• Direction

Question 38

Shape

Answer 38

an area appears to be longer or shorter than in real life

Question 39

Distance

Answer 39

Distance between two places can become increased or decreased

Question 40

Relative Size

Answer 40

Size of an area in real life can appear smaller or larger than in real life

Question 41

Direction

Answer 41

Direction from one place to another can be distorted

Question 42

Mercator Projection

Answer 42

• Shape is distorted very little
• Direction is consistent
• Map is rectangular

Question 43

Robinson Projection

Answer 43

• An uninterrupted projection display
• Used to display info across oceans
• Maps are curved