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PMLS 112 > UNIT 2 > Flashcards

UNIT 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • POSE ANY INJURY/HARM TO HEALTH, (SPECIMENS) CAUSE DISEASES
A

BIOHAZARD

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2
Q

POSE THREAT TO HEALTH BUT COMES FROM CHEMICAL REAGENTS EX. HYDROCHLORIC ACID

A

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

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2
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

A. Chemical Spills

In cases of chemical contact with skin and eyes, flush with large amounts of water
for AT LEAST _______.

A

15 MINUTES

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2
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

In cases of chemical contact with skin and eyes, flush with large amounts of water
for AT LEAST 15 MINUTES.

A

Chemical Spills

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3
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Emergency showers and eye wash stations should be present.

A

Chemical Spills

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3
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

A. Chemical Spills

________ Should be able to dispense 30 to 50 gallons of water per minute at
a pressure of 20 to 50 psi

A

Safety showers

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

A. Chemical Spills

Safety showers Should be able to dispense __ to __ gallons of water per minute at
a pressure of __ to __ psi

A

30 to 50 gallons
20 to 50 psi

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemicals should be mixed following established instructions

A

Chemical Handling

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Face velocity should be 100 to 120 feet/ minute

A

Fume Hood

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Mixing chemicals should be done under the _________.

A

fume hood

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Add ACID TO WATER, not the other way around.

A

B. Chemical Handling

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Add _____ TO ____, not the other way around.

A

ACID TO WATER

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Mouth pipetting is never accepted in the laboratory

A

Chemical Handling

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemicals

A

Fume Hood

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4
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

  • Chemicals should be placed in easily manageable sizes
A

Chemical Storage

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5
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Face velocity should be ___ to ____ feet/ minute

A

100 to 120 feet/minute

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6
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

______ is never accepted in the laboratory

A

Mouth pipetting

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6
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Flammable liquids

Stored Separately

A

Flammable solids

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6
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Air-reactive substances

Stored Separately

A

Others

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6
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Stored Separately
Flammable solids

Substance

A

Flammable liquids

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6
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Mineral acids

Stored Separately

A

Organic acids

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7
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Stored Separately
Organic acids

Substance

A

Mineral Acids

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7
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Heat-reactive substances requiring
refrigeration

Stored Separately

A

Others

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8
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Caustics

Stored Separately

A

Oxidizers

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9
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Perchloric acid

Stored Separately

A

Water-reactive substances

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9
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Stored Separately
Oxidizers

Substance

A

Caustics

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10
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Stored Separately
Water-reactive substances

Substance

A

Perchloric acid

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Required by OSHA to be present at workplaces that handles hazardous chemicals

A

Chemical Hygiene Plan

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

A document that presents the following information:
 Appropriate work practices and standard operating procedures
 Utilization of PPE
 Engineering controls, such as fume hoods and flammables safety cabinets
 Employee training requirements
 Medical consultation guidelines
(Hardcopy; different in every facility)

A

Chemical Hygiene Plan

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Responsible for documenting and implementing the chemical hygiene plan

A

Chemical Hygiene Officer

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Unstable substances (shock-sensitive
explosives)

A

Others

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Lists all of the hazardous chemical present in a workplace

A

Material Safety Data Sheet

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

  • follow the manufacturer’s instructions
  • store chemicals in easily manageable sizes
  • separate certain substances from other substances
A

Chemical Storage

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

 Physical and chemical characteristics
 Fire and explosion potential
 Reactivity potential
 Health hazards and emergency first aid procedures
 Methods for safe handling and disposal

A

Material Safety Data Sheet

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemicals should be labelled with the description of their specific hazard

A

Chemical Labelling

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemical Labelling
Poisonous

A

Poisonous

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemical Labelling
Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the
respiratory and GIT if inhaled or ingested

A

Corrosive

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemical Labelling
Cancer-causing chemicals

A

Carcinogenic

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemical Labelling
Substances that can cause functional and physical defects in the human embryo or fetus after the pregnant mother is exposed to the substance

A

Teratogenic

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemical Labelling
Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

A

Reactive

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemical Labelling
Flammable

A

Flammable

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11
Q

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemical Labelling
Combustible

A

Combustible

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11
Q

the temperature at which sufficient vapour is given off from the chemical to form an ignitable mixture with air.

A

Flash point

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11
Q

chemicals that have a flash point below < 37.8 C (100F) and is MORE dangerous

A

Flammable chemicals

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11
Q

chemicals that have a flash point equal to or above ≥37.80C (100F)

A

Combustible chemicals

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11
Q

It is very important that the workplace has appropriate chemical labels that will alert the laboratory personnel to specific hazards of a chemical. Hence, many clinical laboratories have adopted this. It is a symbol that is a diamond-shaped, color-coded symbol with four quadrants.

A

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol.

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12
Q

Each quadrant represents a hazard that the chemical exposes the workers to. At a glance, emergency personnel can assess health hazards (blue quadrant), flammable
hazards (red quadrant), reactivity/stability hazards (yellow quadrant), and other special information (white quadrant) of the chemical. In addition, each quadrant shows the magnitude of severity, graded from a low of 0 to a high of 4, of the hazards within the
posted area.

A

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol.

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12
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
HEALTH HAZARD

Deadly

A

4

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12
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
HEALTH HAZARD

Extreme Danger

A

3

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12
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
HEALTH HAZARD

Hazardous

A

2

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13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
HEALTH HAZARD

Normal Material

A

0

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13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT

Below 73 F

A

4

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13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT

BELOW 100 F

A

3

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13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT

BELOW 200 F

A

2

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13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT

ABOVE 200 F

A

1

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13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
SPECIFIC HAZARD

OXY

A

OXIDIZER

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13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
SPECIFIC HAZARD

ACID

A

ACID

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
SPECIFIC HAZARD

ALK

A

ALKALI

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
SPECIFIC HAZARD

COR

A

CORROSIVE

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
REACTIVITY

MAY DETERIORATE

A

4

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
REACTIVITY

SHOCK AND HEAT MAY DETERIORATE

A

3

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
REACTIVITY

VIOLENT CHEMICAL CHANGE

A

2

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
REACTIVITY

UNSTABLE IF HEATED

A

1

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
REACTIVITY

STABLE

A

0

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT

WILL NOT BURN

A

0

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
SPECIFIC HAZARD

₩ (“W” with a horizontal line marked through)

A

USE NO WATER

13
Q

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol
Hazardous Materials Classification
SPECIFIC HAZARD

☢︎

A

RADIATION

13
Q

FAHRENHEIT TO CELCIUS CONVERSION

73 F =

A

22.78 C

13
Q

FAHRENHEIT TO CELCIUS CONVERSION

100 F

A

37.8 C

13
Q

FIRE HAZARD

The chemistry of fire is presented by the

A

Fire Tetrahedron

13
Q

FIRE HAZARD

presents the four components that should be present for fire to exist.
 Oxygen
 Fuel
 Heat
 Uninhibited Reaction

A

Fire Tetrahedron

13
Q

FIRE HAZARD

is a chain reaction where burning continues & accelerates

A

uninhibited reaction

13
Q

FIRE HAZARD

SHOULD BE CONTINUOUS REACTION FOR FIRE TO GROW

IF YOU REMOVE ONE COMPONENT THEN THERE WILL BE NO FIRE

A

(CHEMICAL) REACTION

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Involved Combustible Material
DRY COMBUSTIBLES
Ordinary combustible, paper, wood
plastic, fabric

A

CLASS OF FIRE A

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Involved Combustible Material
LIQUID COMBUSTIBLES
Flammable liquids/ gases, and
combustible petroleum products

A

CLASS OF FIRE B

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Involved Combustible Material
ELECTRICAL COMBUSTIBLES
Energized electrical equipment

A

CLASS OF FIRE C

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Type of Fire Extinguisher
Pressurized water (A)
Dry Chemical (A,B,C)

A

CLASS OF FIRE A

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Type of Fire Extinguisher
Carbon Dioxide (B,C)
Dry Chemical (A,B,C)

A

CLASS OF FIRE B

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Type of Fire Extinguisher
Carbon Dioxide (B,C)
Dry Chemical (A,B,C)
Halon (Halogenated Extinguishers)
Halon is considered as the best
extinguisher for Class C fires

A

CLASS OF FIRE C

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

is considered as the best
extinguisher for Class C fires

A

Halon

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Involved Combustible Material
METALS
Combustible/ reactive metals (Mg,
Na, K)

A

CLASS OF FIRE D

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Involved Combustible Material
LIQUIDS
Liquids used in food preparation such
as grease, animal & vegetable oil

A

CLASS OF FIRE K

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Type of Fire Extinguisher
Metal X

A

CLASS OF FIRE D

13
Q

CLASSES OF FIRE

Type of Fire Extinguisher
Wet Chemical

A

CLASS OF FIRE K

13
Q

Upon discovery of fire, R.A.C.E should be applied.

_____ anyone in immediate danger

A

RESCUE

13
Q

Upon discovery of fire, R.A.C.E should be applied.

Activate the institutional fire alarm system

A

ALARM

13
Q

Upon discovery of fire, R.A.C.E should be applied.

Close all doors to potentially affected areas

A

CONTAIN

13
Q

Upon discovery of fire, R.A.C.E should be applied.

Attempt to ______ the fire, if possible. Exit the area.

A

EXTINGUISH

13
Q

For proper utilization of fire extinguishers, remember the P.A.S.S.

___ pin

A

Pull

13
Q

For proper utilization of fire extinguishers, remember the P.A.S.S.

___ at the BASE of the fire

A

Aim

13
Q

For proper utilization of fire extinguishers, remember the P.A.S.S.

1ST S
______ handles

A

Squeeze

13
Q

For proper utilization of fire extinguishers, remember the P.A.S.S.

2ND S
_______ nozzle side to side

A

Sweep

13
Q

The clinical laboratory has many electrical equipment. If handled improperly, these
equipment can cause accidental shocks.
- FAULTY PLUGS ETC.

A

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

13
Q

Report frayed cords and overloaded circuits.
 Designated personnel should monitor equipment closely.
 Wet equipment should be allowed to dry before reusing.
 Equipment should be unplugged before cleaning.
 Never operate electrical equipment with wet hands.
 Know the exact location of the electrical control panel for the electricity to your
work area.
 All electrical equipment should be grounded with a three-pronged plug.

A

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

13
Q

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

In cases of accidents involving electrical shock:

Electrical source must be _________

A

removed immediately.

13
Q

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

In cases of accidents involving electrical shock:

________ the individual or the equipment involved.

A

Do not touch

13
Q

Laboratory personnel should be aware of the __________ that are present in the
laboratory. The presence of heavy electrical equipment, the utilization of compressed
gases, and improperly placed machines are all possible causes of physical injuries.
- CAN CAUSE PHYSICAL INJURIES (THAT ARE SUDDEN)

A

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

13
Q

Below are general precautions that should be observed to prevent physical injuries in
the clinical laboratory.
 Avoid running in rooms and hallways
 Bend the knees when lifting heavy objects
 Keep long hair pulled back; Use close-toed shoes
 Avoid dangling jewelry
 Maintain a clean, orderly work area

A

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

13
Q

Nonionizing radiation are emitted by many equipment in the laboratory.

A

RADIOACTIVE HAZARD

13
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH
4-40 nm

TYPE

A

Ultraviolet

14
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH
1 cm+

TYPE

A

Low frequency

15
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH
3m-3mm

TYPE

A

Microwaves

16
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH
750nm-0.3cm

TYPE

A

Infrared

16
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH
400-750 nm

TYPE

A

Visible spectrum

16
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE
Radiofrequency coil in ICP-mass spectrometer

TYPE

A

Low frequency

16
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE
Energy-beam microwave used to accelerate tissue staining in histology-prep processes

TYPE

A

Microwaves

16
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE
Heat lamps, lasers

TYPE

A

Infrared

17
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE
General illumination and glare

TYPE

A

Visible spectrum

18
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE
Germicidal lamps used in biologic safety cabinets

TYPE

A

Ultraviolet

19
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

PROTECTIVE MEASURES
Engineered shielding and posted pacemaker warning

TYPE

A

Low frequency

19
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

PROTECTIVE MEASURES
Engineered shielding

TYPE

A

Microwaves

19
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

PROTECTIVE MEASURES
Containment and appropriate warning labels

TYPE

A

Infared

20
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

PROTECTIVE MEASURES
Filters, diffusers, and nonreflective surfaces

TYPE

A

Visible Spectrum

21
Q

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES

PROTECTIVE MEASURES
Eye and skin protection; UV warning labels

TYPE

A

Ultraviolet

21
Q

Examples include needles, lancets, broken glass wares

A

SHARPS HAZARD

21
Q

Present a biological hazard, transmission of blood-borne pathogens

A

SHARPS HAZARD

21
Q

Should be disposed in a puncture-proof container

A

SHARPS HAZARD

21
Q

SHARPS HAZARD Should be disposed in a __________

A

puncture-proof container

22
Q

Strain disorders caused by repetitive and tedious manual tasks

A

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

22
Q

If a microscope is positioned too low for the microscopist, the user will need to hunch, placing a lot of stress and strain on his/ her upper back and neck every time he/she uses the said microscope. Because of the repetitive nature of the task ( a medical technologist in the microbiology section will need to use the said equipment multiple times in a day), he/she will eventually develop strain disorders of the upper back if the practice is not corrected.

A

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

23
Q

IS USUALLY THE ACCUMULATED TYPE OF INJURY FOR ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

A

MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

24
Q

Primary contributing factors:
 Position/ Posture
 Applied force
 Frequency of repetition
 Positioning of equipment

A

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

24
Q

There are many types of wastes that are generated by the clinical laboratory. For proper segregation of wastes, the clinical laboratory utilizes _______

A

Color-coded Garbage Bags

25
Q

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags

General wastes; Dry, non-infectious

A

Black

26
Q

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags

Wet, non-infectious wastes

A

Green

26
Q

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags

Wet, infectious wastes

A

Yellow

27
Q

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags

Sharps (Puncture-proof containers)

A

Red

27
Q

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags

Radioactive wastes

A

Orange

27
Q

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags

Chemical wastes

A

Yellow with black band

28
Q

All, EXCEPT URINE, must be placed in appropriate containers with the biohazard
symbol

A

Biological Waste Disposal

28
Q

All, EXCEPT ____, must be placed in appropriate containers with the biohazard
symbol

A

URINE

28
Q
  • The waste is then decontaminated following institutional policy
     Soaking the sample in 5% Lysol or 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for at least
    15 minutes
     Autoclaving
     Pickup by a certified hazardous waste company
A

Biological Waste Disposal

29
Q

B. Biological Waste Disposal

  • The waste is then decontaminated following institutional policy
     Soaking the sample in _% Lysol or _% sodium hypochlorite solution for at least
    __ minutes
     Autoclaving (121 C at 15 PSI)
     Pickup by a certified hazardous waste company
A

5% Lysol or 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for at least
15 minutes

30
Q

B. Biological Waste Disposal

Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a ________

A

laboratory sink

30
Q

Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a laboratory sink

A

Biological Waste Disposal

31
Q

B. Biological Waste Disposal

Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a laboratory sink
 Disinfection of the sink using a ____ or ___ DILUTION OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE should be performed DAILY

A

1:5 or 1:10

31
Q

B. Biological Waste Disposal

Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a laboratory sink
 Disinfection of the sink using a 1:5 or 1:10 DILUTION OF ________ should be performed DAILY

A

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

32
Q

B. Biological Waste Disposal

Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a laboratory sink
Sodium hypochlorite dilutions stored in plastic bottles are effective for __________
if protected from light after preparation

A

one month

32
Q

B. Biological Waste Disposal

Empty urine containers can be discarded as _________ hazardous materials

A

non-biologically

32
Q

Empty urine containers can be discarded as non-biologically hazardous materials

A

Biological Waste Disposal

PMLS 112 (3 decks)

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