UNIT 2 Flashcards by lady henituse

POSE ANY INJURY/HARM TO HEALTH, (SPECIMENS) CAUSE DISEASES

BIOHAZARD

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POSE THREAT TO HEALTH BUT COMES FROM CHEMICAL REAGENTS EX. HYDROCHLORIC ACID

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

A. Chemical Spills

In cases of chemical contact with skin and eyes, flush with large amounts of water
for AT LEAST _______.

15 MINUTES

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

In cases of chemical contact with skin and eyes, flush with large amounts of water
for AT LEAST 15 MINUTES.

Chemical Spills

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Emergency showers and eye wash stations should be present.

Chemical Spills

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

A. Chemical Spills

________ Should be able to dispense 30 to 50 gallons of water per minute at
a pressure of 20 to 50 psi

Safety showers

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

A. Chemical Spills

Safety showers Should be able to dispense __ to __ gallons of water per minute at
a pressure of __ to __ psi

30 to 50 gallons
20 to 50 psi

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemicals should be mixed following established instructions

Chemical Handling

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Face velocity should be 100 to 120 feet/ minute

Fume Hood

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Mixing chemicals should be done under the _________.

fume hood

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Add ACID TO WATER, not the other way around.

B. Chemical Handling

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Add _____ TO ____, not the other way around.

ACID TO WATER

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Mouth pipetting is never accepted in the laboratory

Chemical Handling

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemicals

Fume Hood

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

Chemicals should be placed in easily manageable sizes

Chemical Storage

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

Face velocity should be ___ to ____ feet/ minute

100 to 120 feet/minute

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

B. Chemical Handling

______ is never accepted in the laboratory

Mouth pipetting

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Flammable liquids

Stored Separately

Flammable solids

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Air-reactive substances

Stored Separately

Others

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Stored Separately
Flammable solids

Substance

Flammable liquids

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Mineral acids

Stored Separately

Organic acids

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Stored Separately
Organic acids

Substance

Mineral Acids

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Heat-reactive substances requiring
refrigeration

Stored Separately

Others

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards

C. Chemical Storage

Substance
Caustics

Stored Separately

Oxidizers

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In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards C. Chemical Storage Substance Perchloric acid Stored Separately

Water-reactive substances

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards C. Chemical Storage Stored Separately Oxidizers Substance

Caustics

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards C. Chemical Storage Stored Separately Water-reactive substances Substance

Perchloric acid

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Required by OSHA to be present at workplaces that handles hazardous chemicals

Chemical Hygiene Plan

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards A document that presents the following information:  Appropriate work practices and standard operating procedures  Utilization of PPE  Engineering controls, such as fume hoods and flammables safety cabinets  Employee training requirements  Medical consultation guidelines (Hardcopy; different in every facility)

Chemical Hygiene Plan

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Responsible for documenting and implementing the chemical hygiene plan

Chemical Hygiene Officer

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards C. Chemical Storage Substance Unstable substances (shock-sensitive explosives)

Others

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Lists all of the hazardous chemical present in a workplace

Material Safety Data Sheet

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards - follow the manufacturer's instructions - store chemicals in easily manageable sizes - separate certain substances from other substances

Chemical Storage

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards  Physical and chemical characteristics  Fire and explosion potential  Reactivity potential  Health hazards and emergency first aid procedures  Methods for safe handling and disposal

Material Safety Data Sheet

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Chemicals should be labelled with the description of their specific hazard

Chemical Labelling

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Chemical Labelling Poisonous

Poisonous

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Chemical Labelling Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and GIT if inhaled or ingested

Corrosive

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Chemical Labelling Cancer-causing chemicals

Carcinogenic

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Chemical Labelling Substances that can cause functional and physical defects in the human embryo or fetus after the pregnant mother is exposed to the substance

Teratogenic

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Chemical Labelling Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

Reactive

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Chemical Labelling Flammable

Flammable

In Basic Principles in Management of Chemical Hazards Chemical Labelling Combustible

Combustible

the temperature at which sufficient vapour is given off from the chemical to form an ignitable mixture with air.

Flash point

chemicals that have a flash point below < 37.8 C (100F) and is MORE dangerous

Flammable chemicals

chemicals that have a flash point equal to or above ≥37.80C (100F)

Combustible chemicals

It is very important that the workplace has appropriate chemical labels that will alert the laboratory personnel to specific hazards of a chemical. Hence, many clinical laboratories have adopted this. It is a symbol that is a diamond-shaped, color-coded symbol with four quadrants.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol.

Each quadrant represents a hazard that the chemical exposes the workers to. At a glance, emergency personnel can assess health hazards (blue quadrant), flammable hazards (red quadrant), reactivity/stability hazards (yellow quadrant), and other special information (white quadrant) of the chemical. In addition, each quadrant shows the magnitude of severity, graded from a low of 0 to a high of 4, of the hazards within the posted area.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification HEALTH HAZARD Deadly

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification HEALTH HAZARD Extreme Danger

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification HEALTH HAZARD Hazardous

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification HEALTH HAZARD Normal Material

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT Below 73 F

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT BELOW 100 F

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT BELOW 200 F

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT ABOVE 200 F

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification SPECIFIC HAZARD OXY

OXIDIZER

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification SPECIFIC HAZARD ACID

ACID

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification SPECIFIC HAZARD ALK

ALKALI

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification SPECIFIC HAZARD COR

CORROSIVE

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification REACTIVITY MAY DETERIORATE

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification REACTIVITY SHOCK AND HEAT MAY DETERIORATE

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification REACTIVITY VIOLENT CHEMICAL CHANGE

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification REACTIVITY UNSTABLE IF HEATED

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification REACTIVITY STABLE

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification FIRE HAZARD FLASH POINT WILL NOT BURN

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification SPECIFIC HAZARD ₩ ("W" with a horizontal line marked through)

USE NO WATER

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Symbol Hazardous Materials Classification SPECIFIC HAZARD ☢︎

RADIATION

FAHRENHEIT TO CELCIUS CONVERSION 73 F =

22.78 C

FAHRENHEIT TO CELCIUS CONVERSION 100 F

37.8 C

FIRE HAZARD The chemistry of fire is presented by the

Fire Tetrahedron

FIRE HAZARD presents the four components that should be present for fire to exist.  Oxygen  Fuel  Heat  Uninhibited Reaction

Fire Tetrahedron

FIRE HAZARD is a chain reaction where burning continues & accelerates

uninhibited reaction

FIRE HAZARD SHOULD BE CONTINUOUS REACTION FOR FIRE TO GROW IF YOU REMOVE ONE COMPONENT THEN THERE WILL BE NO FIRE

(CHEMICAL) REACTION

CLASSES OF FIRE Involved Combustible Material DRY COMBUSTIBLES Ordinary combustible, paper, wood plastic, fabric

CLASS OF FIRE A

CLASSES OF FIRE Involved Combustible Material LIQUID COMBUSTIBLES Flammable liquids/ gases, and combustible petroleum products

CLASS OF FIRE B

CLASSES OF FIRE Involved Combustible Material ELECTRICAL COMBUSTIBLES Energized electrical equipment

CLASS OF FIRE C

CLASSES OF FIRE Type of Fire Extinguisher Pressurized water (A) Dry Chemical (A,B,C)

CLASS OF FIRE A

CLASSES OF FIRE Type of Fire Extinguisher Carbon Dioxide (B,C) Dry Chemical (A,B,C)

CLASS OF FIRE B

CLASSES OF FIRE Type of Fire Extinguisher Carbon Dioxide (B,C) Dry Chemical (A,B,C) Halon (Halogenated Extinguishers) Halon is considered as the best extinguisher for Class C fires

CLASS OF FIRE C

CLASSES OF FIRE is considered as the best extinguisher for Class C fires

Halon

CLASSES OF FIRE Involved Combustible Material METALS Combustible/ reactive metals (Mg, Na, K)

CLASS OF FIRE D

CLASSES OF FIRE Involved Combustible Material LIQUIDS Liquids used in food preparation such as grease, animal & vegetable oil

CLASS OF FIRE K

CLASSES OF FIRE Type of Fire Extinguisher Metal X

CLASS OF FIRE D

CLASSES OF FIRE Type of Fire Extinguisher Wet Chemical

CLASS OF FIRE K

Upon discovery of fire, R.A.C.E should be applied. _____ anyone in immediate danger

RESCUE

Upon discovery of fire, R.A.C.E should be applied. Activate the institutional fire alarm system

ALARM

Upon discovery of fire, R.A.C.E should be applied. Close all doors to potentially affected areas

CONTAIN

Upon discovery of fire, R.A.C.E should be applied. Attempt to ______ the fire, if possible. Exit the area.

EXTINGUISH

For proper utilization of fire extinguishers, remember the P.A.S.S. ___ pin

Pull

For proper utilization of fire extinguishers, remember the P.A.S.S. ___ at the BASE of the fire

Aim

For proper utilization of fire extinguishers, remember the P.A.S.S. 1ST S ______ handles

Squeeze

For proper utilization of fire extinguishers, remember the P.A.S.S. 2ND S _______ nozzle side to side

Sweep

The clinical laboratory has many electrical equipment. If handled improperly, these equipment can cause accidental shocks. - FAULTY PLUGS ETC.

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

Report frayed cords and overloaded circuits.  Designated personnel should monitor equipment closely.  Wet equipment should be allowed to dry before reusing.  Equipment should be unplugged before cleaning.  Never operate electrical equipment with wet hands.  Know the exact location of the electrical control panel for the electricity to your work area.  All electrical equipment should be grounded with a three-pronged plug.

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

ELECTRICAL HAZARD In cases of accidents involving electrical shock: Electrical source must be _________

removed immediately.

ELECTRICAL HAZARD In cases of accidents involving electrical shock: ________ the individual or the equipment involved.

Do not touch

Laboratory personnel should be aware of the __________ that are present in the laboratory. The presence of heavy electrical equipment, the utilization of compressed gases, and improperly placed machines are all possible causes of physical injuries. - CAN CAUSE PHYSICAL INJURIES (THAT ARE SUDDEN)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Below are general precautions that should be observed to prevent physical injuries in the clinical laboratory.  Avoid running in rooms and hallways  Bend the knees when lifting heavy objects  Keep long hair pulled back; Use close-toed shoes  Avoid dangling jewelry  Maintain a clean, orderly work area

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Nonionizing radiation are emitted by many equipment in the laboratory.

RADIOACTIVE HAZARD

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH 4-40 nm TYPE

Ultraviolet

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH 1 cm+ TYPE

Low frequency

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH 3m-3mm TYPE

Microwaves

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH 750nm-0.3cm TYPE

Infrared

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES APPROXIMATE WAVELENGTH 400-750 nm TYPE

Visible spectrum

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE Radiofrequency coil in ICP-mass spectrometer TYPE

Low frequency

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE Energy-beam microwave used to accelerate tissue staining in histology-prep processes TYPE

Microwaves

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE Heat lamps, lasers TYPE

Infrared

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE General illumination and glare TYPE

Visible spectrum

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES SOURCE EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE Germicidal lamps used in biologic safety cabinets TYPE

Ultraviolet

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES PROTECTIVE MEASURES Engineered shielding and posted pacemaker warning TYPE

Low frequency

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES PROTECTIVE MEASURES Engineered shielding TYPE

Microwaves

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES PROTECTIVE MEASURES Containment and appropriate warning labels TYPE

Infared

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES PROTECTIVE MEASURES Filters, diffusers, and nonreflective surfaces TYPE

Visible Spectrum

EXAMPLES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES PROTECTIVE MEASURES Eye and skin protection; UV warning labels TYPE

Ultraviolet

Examples include needles, lancets, broken glass wares

SHARPS HAZARD

Present a biological hazard, transmission of blood-borne pathogens

SHARPS HAZARD

Should be disposed in a puncture-proof container

SHARPS HAZARD

SHARPS HAZARD Should be disposed in a __________

puncture-proof container

Strain disorders caused by repetitive and tedious manual tasks

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

If a microscope is positioned too low for the microscopist, the user will need to hunch, placing a lot of stress and strain on his/ her upper back and neck every time he/she uses the said microscope. Because of the **repetitive nature of the task** ( a medical technologist in the microbiology section will need to **use the said equipment multiple times in a day**), he/she will eventually develop strain disorders of the upper back if the practice is not corrected.

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

IS USUALLY THE ACCUMULATED TYPE OF INJURY FOR ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

Primary contributing factors:  Position/ Posture  Applied force  Frequency of repetition  Positioning of equipment

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

There are many types of wastes that are generated by the clinical laboratory. For proper segregation of wastes, the clinical laboratory utilizes _______

Color-coded Garbage Bags

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags General wastes; Dry, non-infectious

Black

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags Wet, non-infectious wastes

Green

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags Wet, infectious wastes

Yellow

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags Sharps (Puncture-proof containers)

Red

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags Radioactive wastes

Orange

A. Color-coded Garbage Bags Chemical wastes

Yellow with black band

All, EXCEPT URINE, must be placed in appropriate containers with the biohazard symbol

Biological Waste Disposal

All, EXCEPT ____, must be placed in appropriate containers with the biohazard symbol

URINE

- The waste is then decontaminated following institutional policy  Soaking the sample in 5% Lysol or 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for at least 15 minutes  Autoclaving  Pickup by a certified hazardous waste company

Biological Waste Disposal

B. Biological Waste Disposal - The waste is then decontaminated following institutional policy  Soaking the sample in _% Lysol or _% sodium hypochlorite solution for at least __ minutes  Autoclaving (121 C at 15 PSI)  Pickup by a certified hazardous waste company

5% Lysol or 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for at least 15 minutes

B. Biological Waste Disposal Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a ________

laboratory sink

Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a laboratory sink

Biological Waste Disposal

B. Biological Waste Disposal Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a laboratory sink  Disinfection of the sink using a ____ or ___ DILUTION OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE should be performed DAILY

1:5 or 1:10

B. Biological Waste Disposal Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a laboratory sink  Disinfection of the sink using a 1:5 or 1:10 DILUTION OF ________ should be performed DAILY

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

B. Biological Waste Disposal Urine may be discarded by pouring it in a laboratory sink Sodium hypochlorite dilutions stored in plastic bottles are effective for __________ if protected from light after preparation

one month

B. Biological Waste Disposal Empty urine containers can be discarded as _________ hazardous materials

non-biologically

Empty urine containers can be discarded as non-biologically hazardous materials

Biological Waste Disposal