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PMLS 112 > CYTOLOGY > Flashcards

CYTOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

ANALYZE EXFOLIATED/ABRADED CELLS

A

CYTOLOGY

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2
Q

MAJOR ROLE IN DETERMINING ETIOLOGY OF DISEASE

A

CYTOLOGY

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3
Q

IN HISTOLOGY, YOU EXAMINE ENTIRE TISSUE BLOCK BUT IN CYTOLOGY, YOU EXAMINE A ____________?

A

SINGLE CELL TYPE

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4
Q

CELLS SEPARATED FROM SUPERFICIAL OR DEEP SEROSAL/MUCOSAL SURFACES

A

EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

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5
Q

IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
EARLY DETECTION OF MALIGNANCY: - IF SUGGESTIVE OF MALIGNANCY: _____

A

BIOPSY

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5
Q
  • CELLS TAKEN DIRECTLY FROM SURFACES OF EXCISED/INCISED SPECIMENS
A

IMPRINT/ABRADED CYTOLOGY

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6
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  • OTHER TYPES OF FLUIDS
  • PARALLEL
A

SMEAR TECHNIQUE: PUSH-PULL TECHNIQUE

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6
Q

IN IMPRINT/ABRADED CYTOLOGY
- CELLS TAKEN DIRECTLY FROM SURFACES OF EXCISED/INCISED SPECIMENS IS THEN ________

A

-TOUCH WITH A CLEAN GLASS SLIDE

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6
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  • CELLS AND OTHER COMPONENTS ARE SPREAD OUT THINLY IN A CLEAN GLASS SLIDE
  • FOR GYNECOLOGIC MATERIALS (CERVICAL, VAGINAL, VAGINAL POOL, AND ENDOMETRIAL/PAP SMEARS)
A

SMEAR TECHNIQUE

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7
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  • MUCOID & VISCOUS FLUIDS
  • PERPENDICULAR
    -NUCOLE AND VISCOUS
A

SMEAR TECHNIQUE: CRUSH TECHNIQUE

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7
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  • PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED SPECIMEN DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT FLUIDS/ASPIRATED MATERIALS
A

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

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8
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

-MAINLY USED WITH SMEARS
- ESTABLISH A MORE DEFINITIVE CYTOPATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS
- ARCHIVAL MATERIAL FOR FUTURE STUDIES

A

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

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9
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:
IN CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

FIRST-MORNING-VOID

A

URINE

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9
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  • FREQ. USED IN SUSPECTED MALIGNANCIES
A

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

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10
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:
IN CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

50-100 mL

A

URINE

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10
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  1. Architectural evaluation
    (histologic pattern of tumor)
  2. Categorization of tumors that are otherwise not possible for smears 3. Special stains and
    immunohistochemistry
  3. Immunophenotyping, molecular studies (CISH, FISH, PCR)
  4. As archival material for future studies
A

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

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10
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:
IN CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

20-30 mL

A

SEROUS FLUID

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11
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:
IN CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

5-10mL

A

GASTRIC WASHING

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11
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:
IN CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

3 SAMPLES (TUBE STOMACH)

A

URINE

11
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:
CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE

  • CONCENTRATES CELLS INTO SMALL SUSPENSION
A

CENTRIFUGATION STEPS

12
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:
IN CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

SPONTANEOUS/NORMAL TECHNIQUE OR INDUCED COLLECTION

(FOR 3 THE VERY FIRST THING TO DO WHEN WALKING UP IS THE COLLECTION OF PHLEGM)

A

SPUTUM

12
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  • CYTODIAGNOSIS OF URINE, SPINAL FLUID, BRONCHIAL WASHING, SUBS W/ ↓ (low) CELLULAR CONTENT
A

MEMBRANE FILTER METHOD

13
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

CYTOSPIN + SEDIMENTAION PREPARATIONS

A

CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE

13
Q
  • USED FOR DIAGNOSING ANY PALPABLE LESIONS AND DEEP-SEATED/NON-PALPABLE LESIONS
A

ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY

13
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  1. Centrifuge the fluid.
  2. Decant the supernatant.
  3. Pour 1⁄2 of the sediments over 10% formalin for cell block until they harden.
  4. Place the hardened sediments on a filter paper.
  5. Process the sediments for microtomy.
  6. Stain them using the Papanicolaou stain.
  7. Mount the sediments.
  8. Label the slide.
A

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

13
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

The advantages include:
1. Improved cell representation;
2. Improved specificity and sensitivity because of better fixation and well- visualized nuclear details;
3. Abnormal cells are clearly seen and easily identified. They are not obscured by blood, mucus, and inflammatory cells. This results in a low rate of unsatisfactory cervico-vaginal cytology smears
4. The remaining or residual cell suspension can be used to make further cytological preparations or other tests like the detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA and immunocytochemistry.

A

LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY

14
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  • COLLECT CELLS USING FILTER WITH SPECIFIC PORE SIZE
  • POLYCARBONATE + CELLULOSE ESTERS
A

MEMBRANE FILTER METHOD

15
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

  • ENABLES CELLS TO BE SPREAD IN A SINGLE LAYER
A

LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY

15
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:
LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY

  • TWO COMMON METHODS:
A
  1. ThinPrep
  2. SurePap
15
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY:

CELLS ARE ISOLATED VIA SERIES OF CENTRIFIGATION STEPS

A

CONCETRATION TECHNIQUE

16
Q
  • USED TO OBTAIN SPECIMENS THAT DO NOT SHED CELLS SPONTANEOUSLY
A

ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY

17
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:

  • MOSTLY ON PALPABLE SUPERFICIAL LESIONS
A

FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY (FNAB)

17
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:

  • HAS BOTH DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS
A

FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY (FNAB)

18
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:

  • TEST FOR CERVICAL CANCER IN WOMEN
    • HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)
A

PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR)

19
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:

  • ACCURACY OF TEST MAY DEPEND ON SIZE OF LESION (I.E. SMALLER = ↓ SENSITIVE)
A

FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY (FNAB)

20
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:

”ALL CERVICAL CANCER CASES ARE CAUSED BY HPV, BUT NOT ALL HPV (HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS) INFECTIONS CAUSE CERVICAL CANCER”

A

PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR)

21
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS

CERVICAL CYTOLOGY ALONE EVERY 3 YEARS

A

AGES 21 TO 29

22
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS

CERVICAL CYTOLOGY ALONE EVERY 3 YEARS
W/ hrHPV TEST ALONE EVERY 5 YEARS
OR BOTH TESTS EVERY 5 YEARS

A

AGES 30 TO 65

23
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS

NO TESTING

A

AGES <21 & >65

24
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS

  • AGES 21 TO 29: CERVICAL CYTOLOGY ALONE EVERY _ YEARS
A

EVERY 3 YEARS

25
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS

  • AGES 30 TO 65:

CERVICAL CYTOLOGY ALONE EVERY _ YEARS
W/ hrHPV TEST ALONE EVERY _ YEARS
OR BOTH TESTS EVERY _ YEARS

A

CERVICAL CYTOLOGY ALONE EVERY 3 YEARS
W/ hrHPV TEST ALONE EVERY 5 YEARS
OR BOTH TESTS EVERY 5 YEARS

26
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS

  • AGES <21 & >65:
A

NO TESTING

27
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

  • IF SMEAR SHOWS EPITHELIAL CELL ABNORMALITY: COLPOSCOPY & BIOPSY
A

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

28
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

  1. COLLECT CELLS FROM TRANSFORMATION ZONE
    1. PROCEED WITH EITHER LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY OR CONVENTIONAL METHOD
A

TESTING PROCEDURE

29
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

IN THE TESTING PROCEDURE YOU COLLECT CELLS FROM

A

TRANSFORMATION ZONE

30
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

IN THE TESTING PROCEDURE AFTER YOU COLLECT CELLS FROM TRANSFORMATION ZONE YOU PROCEED WITH EITHER LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY OR ________________

A

CONVENTIONAL METHOD

31
Q

TECHNIQUES IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY:
PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR):

IN THE TESTING PROCEDURE AFTER YOU COLLECT CELLS FROM TRANSFORMATION ZONE YOU PROCEED WITH EITHER _______________ OR CONVENTIONAL METHOD

A

LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY

PMLS 112 (3 decks)

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