Unit 2 Flashcards
What is Maselow’s Hierarchy?
In this Order:
Self Actualisation - reaching ones potential like putting in the extra amount of workwithout being told
Esteem Needs - Respect for Others, recognitions for a Job well done
Social Needs - freindship, being accepted into a group
Safety Needs - Health and Safety at work, Job free from threats (fire alarms, sign in sign out)
Phusical Needs - Water, Food, Shelter
What is an Autocratic style of Leadership?
Manager makes their own descisisons within the workforce, employees have little to no imput and are heavely supervised
What is a Democratic Style of Leadership?
The manager encourages the orkforce to join in the descision making process.
This encourages participation in descision making
This creates teamwork
Although the boss is prepared to mmake the final descision when an agreement cannot be reached
What is a Lazziez Feire style of Leaderhip?
Descisions are made with the best interests of the employeees at heart
Centralised Orginization
Centralised Orginization - one where all the important decision making power is held at head office, or the centre (Parliment)
Decentralised Orginization
One where the decision making powers are passed down the orginization to lower levels (Student Council)
How can a workforce be measured on how well their employees are motivated?
Labour Productivity - a measure of the efficiency of employees by calculating the level of output per employee
Absenteeism - employees non attendance at work without good reason
Labour Turnover - the rate at which employees leave a business
What is the Theory of Economic Man?
The Theory that employees are only motivated by money
What is Taylor’s specific managment theory?
Taylor believed that all employees are motivated by money so to get employees to increase their efforts, they have to be rewarded with more money
So Taylor used the piece rate (paying an employee for each unit produced) to make them work harder
Waht is Hertzberg’s two managment Theory?
Hertzberg believed that Hygene Factor’s have to be in place for the employees to prevent Job Dissatisfaction.
These Hygene Factor’s include Salary or Wage, Working Conditions, Relationships with others
What are Methods of Motivation in Financial Rewards?
Hourly Wage Rate - payment to workers based on a fixed amount of time
Salary- fixed annual payment to staff not based on hours worked or output
Piece Rate - payment to workers based on number of units produced
Performance related pay - payment to sales staff based on value of items they sell
Commision - an additional reward paid to workers for achieving targets set by managers
Bonus - a bonus scheme used to reward staff for performing to the required standard
Fringe benifits - non-cash rewards often used to recruit or retain workers and to recognise the status of certain employees
Profit Sharing - an additional payment to workers based on profits of the business
What are Method’s of Motivation in Non Financial Rewards?
Delegation - increasing the variety in the workplace by allowing workers to switch from one task to another
Job Enlargement - increasing or widening tasks to increase variety for workers
Job Enrichment - organising work so that workers are encouraged to use their full abilities
Job Satisfaction - how happy and content a person is with their job
Quality circles - groups of workers who meet regularly to discuss work related problems
Team working - organising production so that groups of workers complete the whole unit of work
Job Rotation - passing responsibility to perform tasks to workers lower down the organisation
Chain of Command?
the route through which authority is passed down through an orginization.
Each person in the cain of command is directly responsable to the person below them.
What is a Subordinate?
An Employee who is lower than another employee in the orginizations hierarchy
Span of Control?
Number of Subordinates reporting to each supervisor
A span of control is called wide or narrow depending on how many subordinates a person is responsable for
What are advantages / disdvantages of a wide span of control?
A: Less expensive as fewer managers / supervisors are needed
Less supervision improves employee motivation
Faster Communication
D: Less control over subordinates work could cause problems
Effective Communicationmay be different due to the vast amount of people
What are advantages / disdvantages of a narrow span of control?
A: Effective Communication is easier due to there being less people
Better Control over employees and their work causes less problems
D: Communication and decision making are slower due to there being less people and less ideas
More expensive because more managers ar eneeded
More Supervision may redce emp.oyee motivation
What is Delayering?
Reducing the size of the hierarchy by removing one or more levels
What are advantages / disadvantages of a Centralised Orginization?
A: Desicision making is often quicker
Greater use of specialist staff improves descision making
D: May Reduce Employee Motivation
What are advantages / disadvantages of a Decentralised Orginization?
A: Descisions are made based off local needs
Helps to improve employee mtoviation because they feel they can get involved
D: Poor Descisons might be made because of the lack of skills and eperience from the lower levels
What is the role of a director?
The most senior level of managment in any limited company. They have the respponsability of determining and implementing the company’s policy
Manager
An individual who is in charge of a certain group of tasks or a certain area of development
Supervisor
An individual who checks and controls the work of subordinates
What is Trade Unions?
An organization of employees aimed at improving the pay and working conditions, and providing other services (such as legal advice) for members
Collective Bargaining (pay and working conditions, strikes) - Nurses, teachers, train drivers, doctors, ambulance drivers
Legal Advice - Protects / helps you in a context of accusation or overworked
Member’s benefits - Options that you obtain after being an employee at a certain place - Mortgage Benifits that teachers can have advice to
