Unit 2 Flashcards
*What did Edwin L. Drake do in 1859?
Successfully used steam engine drills for oil
*What was the Bessemer process?
Puts air into iron to remove carbon to make steel
*What did Thomas Alva Edison do in 1876?
Established first research laboratory
*What did Christopher Shores invent in 1867?
The typewriter
*What did Alexander Grahm Bell and Thomas Watson do in 1876?
Introduced the telephone
*What was completed and spanned the nation in 1869?
The first transcontinental railroad
*What did George M. Pullman do in 1880?
Built a railcar factory on Illinois prairie
*The Union Pacific stockholders formed which construction company?
Credit mobilier
*What was Munn v. Illinois?
Supreme Court upholds states’ right to regulate RR
*What did public outrage lead to in 1887?
The interstate Commerce Act
*Who was one of first moguls to make their own fortune?
Andrew Carnegie
*What 2 business strategies did Carnegie come up with? What did they do?
• Vertical integration -buys or suppliers to control materials
•Horizontal integration -merges with competing companies
*What is a social Darwinist
•Someone who believes that cause people are different races that they are a different species than us
•A person who believes in segregation
*What was John D. Rockefeller the founder of?
The Standard Oil Company -also formed trust
*What was the Sherman Autitrust Act?
Trust illegal if interferes with free trade
*What was Samuels Gompers the founder of? And what did it do?
•American Federation of Labor (AFL)
•AFL uses collective bargaining (negotiating) for better wages, hours, and conditions
*What formed in 1905? Who formed it?
•Industrial workers of the world (IWW)
•Radical Unionists and socialists
*Who was the most prominent organizer in women’s labor?
Mary Harris Jones
*What was Ellis Island?
The chief U.S. immigration station in New York Harbor
*What was Angel Island?
The immigrant processing station in San Francisco Bay
*What does the term “melting pot” mean?
People blend in the U.S. by abandoning their native culture
*What does nativism mean?
Overt favoritism towards native born Americans
*What act in 1882 banned entry to most Chinese
The Chinese Exclusion Act
*What was the Gentleman’s agreement?
Japan limits emigration
*What did industrialization lead to?
Urbanization (growth of cities)
*What is Americanization?
A movement that assimilates people into main culture
*What is Tenements?
Multifamily urban dwellings, are overcrowded, unsanitary
*What did Mass Transit do?
Move large numbers of people along fixed routes
*What was the Gospel movement?
Preaches salvation, through service to the poor
*What were settlement houses?
Community centers in slums to help immigrants
*What was Poll Tax?
Some that must be paid annually to vote
*What was the Grandfather Clause?
Let’s poor whites vote
*What did racial segregation laws separate? What law was apart of this? What did that law do specifically?
•Separated races in private and public places
•Jim Crow Laws
•Reject people from labor unions
In 1896, what did Plessy v. Ferguson do?
Made segregation legal in public places
*Who was Ida B. Wells? What did she do?
•Former slave who became a teacher and newspaper editor
•Campaigned for racial justice
*Who was forced into debt Peonage?
Some southwest Mexicans and African Americans
What was Andrew Carnegie the king of
Steel
What was George Rice known for?
Oil BUISNESS
What was Cornelius Vanderbilt the king of?
Railroad empire -he created it
What was JP Morgan known for?
Leading global financial service firms
What was JD Rockefeller the king of?
Oil
