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scm 300 > unit 2 > Flashcards

unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The goal of waiting line management is to ____ the cost paid by the customers (time) with the cost paid by the company (money paid to maintain the system)

A

balance

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2
Q

3 parts of waiting line system

  1. Input source
  2. Waiting line
  3. Service facility
A
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3
Q

The ____ ____ is the population of people that might want service

A

input source

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4
Q

The ____ ____ is the area in which customers wait for service

A

waiting line

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5
Q

The ____ ____ is the area in which customers actually receive service

A

service facility

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6
Q

The 4 Managerial considerations in a waiting line

  1. c____
  2. w____ l____
  3. e____
  4. s____ f____
A

customers, waiting lines, employees, service facilities

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7
Q

A ____ refers to the number of lines available at each step

A

channel

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8
Q

A ____ is a single step in the process

A

phase

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9
Q

A ____ population of customers is when the number of possible customers that may come into the store is very high (or unlimited). Many potential customers

A

infinite

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10
Q

A ____ population of customers is when the number of customers is limited. Few potential customers

A

finite

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11
Q

____ is when a potential customer sees the line but never joins the line because they think it looks too long and/or too slow

A

balking

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12
Q

____ is when a customer joins the line, gets frustrated and leaves the line

A

reneging

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13
Q

____ is when customers join one line but then decide to switch to another line

A

jockeying

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14
Q

The ____ ____ is the number of customers arriving per unit of time

A

arrival rate

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15
Q

arrival rate symbol

A

lambda

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16
Q

The ____ ____ is the number of customers that will be served per unit of time

A

service rate

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17
Q

service rate symbol

A

mu

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18
Q

The ____ ____ ____ is stated as the percentage of time the server is busy

A

service utilization factor

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19
Q

service utilization symbol

A

rho

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20
Q

A ____ is a supplier. The company from which a buyer purchases goods and/or services

A

vendor

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21
Q

A ____ is an organization that purchases goods from manufacturers, typically in large amounts and at discounted prices

A

wholesaler

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22
Q

A ____ is a company that takes customer orders, most often via a retail site

A

dropshipper

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23
Q

A ____ owns the rights to a company and the name

A

franchise

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24
Q

____ ____ typically refers to the portion of the supply chain between the final inventory holding facility and the end consumer

A

last mile

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25
Q

A ____ is a map of where every product goes on a retail store shelf

A

planogram

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26
Q

A ____ ____ ____ is an inventory planning and replenishment system where the vendor accepts certain negotiated responsibilities that typically include monitoring and restocking

A

vendor managed inventory (VMI)

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27
Q

____-____ ____ is a system where the inventory on the retail store shelf is owned by the supplier

A

scan-based trading

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28
Q

____-____ ____ is when an organization is capable of seamlessly selling to customers online, via the company’s app, in a physical store and perhaps via a call center

A

omni-channel retailing

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29
Q

____ are penalties charged by retail organizations to their suppliers/vendors for any number of minor and major supply chain offenses

A

chargebacks

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30
Q

The ____ section is typically the first thing you see when entering a grocery store

A

produce

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31
Q

The ____ section is typically in the rear of a grocery store

A

meat

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32
Q

____ ____ is how customers typically navigate their way through a retail store. Consider entrance and exit points

A

customer flow

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33
Q

A ____ has a better understanding of demand rates, fewer retailer errors. Very responsive

A

vendor

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34
Q

____ ____ ____ is the bringing together of supply chain partners - suppliers, manufacturers, logistics companies, etc.

A

supply chain integration

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35
Q

Obstacles to integration

  • poor communication
  • unwillingness to share with supply chain partners, plan together
  • lack of trust between supply chain partners
A
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36
Q

A ____ system is where consumer demand is known and expected. Will buy materials, manufacture finished goods and even deliver the finished goods to a store or a picking and packing facility where consumers can buy them at a later date

A

push

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37
Q

A ____ system is a system that is activated by consumer demand. Will not make and store finished goods inventory. Will instead wait for the consumer to place a specific order and only then will the supply chain react by perhaps buying raw materials and/or parts, then assembling the desired goods, before quickly delivering them to the consumer

A

pull

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38
Q

Pros of a ____ system

  • high inventories
  • shorter lead times for end-consumer
  • mistakes and defects tolerable
A

push

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39
Q

Cons of a ____ system

  • high inventories
  • low customization flexibility
  • mistakes and defects tolerable
  • forecasting miscalculations can be costly
A

push

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40
Q

Pros of a ____ system

  • low inventories
  • demand driven system
  • flexible manufacturing possible
  • closer supplier ties are developed
A

pull

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41
Q

Cons of a ____ system

  • low inventories
  • risky customer service rates
  • tougher sell
  • forecasting miscalculations can be costly
A

pull

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42
Q

____ is a system that combines elements of both the push system and the pull system

A

postponement

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43
Q

Under postponement, we can ____ the standardized portions of manufacturing, ____ the final assembly of the end item, and ____ only the customized options offered to customers

A

push, delay, pull

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44
Q

Supply Chain strategy: trade-offs:

  • cost
  • quality
  • speed
  • flexibility
A
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45
Q

The ____ ____ is where fairly stable demand results in the proliferation of the amount of inventory that is carried as one travels upstream in the supply chain. Consists of very high and very low supply levels despite fairly constant demand levels

A

bullwhip effect

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46
Q

Causes and effects of the Bullwhip effect

  • price fluctuations
  • order batching
  • rationing
  • shortage gaming
A
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47
Q

____ ____ consist of promotions, quantity discounts, special pricing/payment options

might cause order batching

A

price fluctuations

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48
Q

____ ____ is when a company places large and infrequent orders from their suppliers

A

order batching

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49
Q

____ happens when suppliers do not have enough inventory to satisfy the demand of all of their customers. Suppliers may send each of their customers only a fraction of the inventory that was ordered

A

rationing

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50
Q

____ ____ is when retailers artificially inflate order sizes in an attempt to counteract rationing

A

shortage gaming

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51
Q

____ ____ occurs when customers buy more product than is actually needed

A

forward buying

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52
Q

lead time gaming example from lecture

A
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53
Q

pull system: cost of miscalculations

A
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54
Q

5 Methods for controlling bullwhip effect

  1. everyday low pricing
  2. vendor management inventory systems
  3. information sharing
  4. improve buyer-supplier relationships
  5. practice lean manufacturing
A
55
Q

With ____ ____ ____, buyers are more likely to purchase at levels that are closer to their actual demand levels

A

everyday low pricing

56
Q

A ____ ____ ____ system is where buyers share inventory information with suppliers

A

vendor management inventory

57
Q

____ ____ between supply chain partners allows organizations to see transactions and inventory movements across the supply chain

A

information sharing

58
Q

rocks and water analogy

A
59
Q

Revenue opportunities associated with globalizing a supply chain

  • reach new customers
  • manage risk of low sales in one market by selling in multiple markets abroad
  • potential alternative sale and distribution options
  • potential new product, service, or business trends
A
60
Q

Cost opportunities associated with globalizing a supply chain

  • potentially lower cost materials, labor, shortage, transportation, energy savings, etc.
  • taxes, tariffs, legal fees and business transaction fees
  • potential business practices and trends that improve savings in other markets
A
61
Q

As companies expand their supply chains globally, they must be prepared to deal with differences in:

  • packaging laws and accepted packaging conventions
  • environmental requirements
  • different distribution and retail systems
  • different consumer tastes and needs
  • laws that impact truck size
  • label requirements
A
62
Q

One of the primary reasons some companies expand their supply chains is to grow and achieve ____ ____ ____

A

economies of scale

63
Q

Benefits of utilizing external partners

  • speed
  • expertise
  • resource utilization
  • focus on core competencies
A
64
Q

Possible risks of utilizing external partners

  • quality control
  • intellectual property
  • business practices
  • loss of strategic flexibility
A
65
Q

____ is when a company contracts an outside firm to perform services, manufacturing, assembly, operations or business practices that could be or were previously performed in-house. Local

A

outsourcing

66
Q

____ is a strategy where a company moves manufacturing out of its “home” country to another country. Abroad

A

offshoring

67
Q

____ ____ ____ is a strategy where a company utilizes a contractor in another country to perform services and/or operations. Abroad

A

offshoring and outsourcing

68
Q

____-____ is where the location of the manufacturing facility is relatively close to the location of the consumer. Local

A

near-sourcing

69
Q

____ ____ are companies that produce goods on behalf of another organization

A

contract manufacturers

70
Q

____ ____ ____ is an industry of companies that can manufacture, assembly, test, service, package and service electronic goods for another company

A

electronic manufacturing services (EMS)

71
Q

____ ____ ____ can exploit economies of scale in the manufacturing of electronic devices

A

electronic manufacturing services

72
Q

Advantages of utilizing EMS firms

  • fast start
  • strong start
  • cost advantages
  • flexibility
A
73
Q

____ typically refers to the physical structures and equipment utilized to move goods

A

infrastructure

74
Q

A ____ ____ ____ ____ is an organization that manages and executes a particular logistics function, using its own assets and resources, on behalf of another company. Can neither be the buyer, nor the seller of the item in question

A

third party logistics company

75
Q

A ____ ____ is a contractor that helps companies organize the efficient and effective shipment of goods from one point in the supply chain to another

A

freight forwarder

76
Q

A ____ is a person that works at an ocean port. Provides labor that will assist in loading and unloading cargo

A

longshoreman

77
Q

Governments establish ____ ____ to control the goods that enter and leave a country (imports, exports)

A

customs agencies

78
Q

Customs agencies assist in the following areas:

  • classifying goods and services according to the government’s classification system
  • assessing and collecting the appropriate tariffs and enforcing quotas
  • aiding in issues related to national security, illegal narcotics, weapons, etc.
  • aid in issues related to commerce control, intellectual property, etc.
  • collecting information about goods being imported and exported
A
79
Q

The ____-____ ____ ____ ____ is a voluntary program developed by US Customs and Border Protection for companies importing goods into the US. Requires member orgs to report a significant level of detail related to supply chain partners and actions for each imported shipment

A

Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT)

80
Q

A ____ ____ ____ is a contractor (company or person) that helps a client’s goods clear customs in a foreign country

A

customs house broker

81
Q

A ____ ____ ____ is a geographic area sanctioned by the government where items are not under the control of customs authorities

A

free trade zone (FTZ)

82
Q

____ ____ ____ offer companies the ability to easily import raw materials and export finished goods with minimal hassle

A

free trade zones

83
Q

A ____ ____ is utilized when an item is imported and then re-exported. Typically 90%+ return of tariff

A

duty drawback

84
Q

A ____ ____ is a building or other secured area in which can hold goods that will require a tariff/duty to be paid

A

bonded warehouse

85
Q

Goods may stay in the bonded warehouse for up to ____ years

A

5

86
Q

3 Purposes of logistics documentation

  1. T____
  2. F____
  3. I____ S____
A

transportation, financial, international shipments

87
Q

4 Common Logistics shipping documentation

  1. Bill of Lading
  2. Packing List
  3. Commercial Invoice
  4. Certificate of Origin
A
88
Q

The ____ ____ _____ serves as the contract between shipper and carrier, receipt of goods for the shipper, and acts as the certificate of ownership

A

Bill of Lading

89
Q

A ____ ____ provides significant detail on what is being shipped, including dimensions and weight of items in a box

A

packing list

90
Q

A ____ ____ is a vital document that provides a reasonable summation of the items being shipped, the parties involved, cargo values, and other information important to supply chain members and customs officials

A

commercial invoice

91
Q

A ____ ____ ____ certifies that the goods were in fact manufactured in the country specified. Important for clearing customs and assessing duties/tariffs

A

certificate of origin

92
Q

A ____ ____ is a single performance measurement used to evaluate, motivate, and improve performance

A

performance metric

93
Q

A ____ ____ ____ is a group of metrics that collectively attempt to provide a multi-dimensional view of a resource or outcome

A

system of metrics

94
Q

A ____ is a single performance measurement used to evaluate, motivate, improve, etc.

A

metric

95
Q

____ ____ is measuring employee performance for the purpose of motivation, improvement, statistical reference, promotion, termination, etc.

A

performance measurement

96
Q

Metrics can help identify ____, ____, areas of improvement, and areas of decline

A

strengths, weaknesses

97
Q

Metrics can create a platform for ____ recognition and/or promotion of people, groups, and companies

A

unbiased

98
Q

Good metrics often ____ good employee behaviors

A

influence

99
Q

____ ____ allow the very top executives at Ford to understand which facilities are performing well or struggling on a daily basis without having to be at each of those facilities

A

performance metrics

100
Q

Metrics can sometimes point to ____ ____

A

corrective actions

101
Q

Good metrics often signal ____

A

patterns

102
Q

Common measurement pitfalls in an organization

  • Managers fail to use the data
  • Blind belief in institutional metrics
  • Measuring selectively
  • Utilizing too many metrics
A
103
Q

____ ____ is a situation where managers are inundated with data

A

managerial paralysis

104
Q

A ____ ____ ____ is an individual performance metric identified by the company as being imperative to achieving the organization’s most important goals

A

key performance indicator

105
Q

A ____ ____ ____ allows managers to get a more detailed view of the elements that might constitute or explain the KPI

A

KPI drill down

106
Q

Attributes of a good metric

  • Measurable
  • Easily understood
  • Attainable
  • Strategically oriented
  • Easy to measure
  • Corrective actions
  • Cheater proof
A
107
Q

Consequences of poor metrics

  • Supply chain goals are not met
  • Poor output and bad decisions
  • Waste
  • Undesirable employee behaviors
  • Employee victimization
  • Decay in corporate culture
A
108
Q

3 Key attributes for a measurement system

  1. e____
  2. e____
  3. a____
A

effectiveness, efficiency, adaptability

109
Q

____ is a measure of desired outcomes

A

effectiveness

110
Q

____ is a measure of the resources used in the process of achieving the desired outcomes

A

efficiency

111
Q

____ is a measure of the conditions under which the tasks were completed

A

adaptability

112
Q

A ____ ____ is a computer-generated visual representation of a company’s performance that is often available to executives on nearly any of their digital devices

A

executive dashboard

113
Q

A ____ ____ is a performance management tool that focuses on both strategic activity and strategic outcomes

A

balanced scorecard

114
Q

____ results utilize some basic financial metrics related to cost, revenues, and profits

A

financial

115
Q

____-____ results measure to see if the company is meeting the customers’ product and/or service requirements as well as customer satisfaction expectations

A

customer-related

116
Q

____ ____ ____ results measure to see that the business processes in the supply chain are running efficiently and effectively

A

internal business process

117
Q

____ ____ ____ results measure the working environment, the dedication to continuous improvement and other issues that are related to the company’s human resources

A

learning and growth

118
Q

The ____ ____ is a measurement tool that enables supply chain partners to track performance, communicate progress and develop opportunities for improvement

A

SCOR model

119
Q

Bad metrics in business

  • profit
  • productivity
  • quarterly numbers
  • opening new accounts
A
120
Q

The five primary supply chain processes are

  1. Plan
  2. Source
  3. Make
  4. Deliver
  5. Return
A
121
Q

The traditional supply chain analytics tools include:

  • descriptive analytics
  • diagnostic analytics
  • predictive analytics
  • prescriptive analytics
A
122
Q

Some of the more modern and advanced analytics tools include:

  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • supply chain optimization
  • cognitive analytics
  • supply chain modeling
A
123
Q

____ ____ ____ is the documentation of all the facilities, suppliers, customers, and other supply chain partners in a supply chain

A

supply chain mapping

124
Q

____ analytics report the past and or present results of the supply chain

A

descriptive

125
Q

____ analytics attempt to explain why recent results may have occurred

A

diagnostic

126
Q

____ analytics provide probabilities for different supply chain outcomes

A

predictive

127
Q

____ analytics are supply chain models that provide recommendations for different supply chain decisions, actions, or strategies

A

prescriptive

128
Q

The ____ ____ ____ are a network of objects that all have digital sensors

A

internet of things

129
Q

____ ____ ____ is an advanced form of analytics that utilizes historical data, forecasts and real-time data to create a sophisticated inventory and resource plan to manage costs and meet demand

A

supply chain optimization

130
Q

A ____ ____ ____ is a network that utilizes multiple technologies and tools like traditional analytics, IoT, machine learning, and AI to predict, plan, execute, learn, and communicate across the supply chain at a much faster pace than humans

A

cognitive supply chain

131
Q

____ ____ ____ are simulations that attempt to explain an entire supply chain or perhaps just a supply chain process

A

supply chain modeling

132
Q

Empowering every employee to be a quality inspector and manager is known as ____ ____ ____ ____

A

quality at the source

133
Q

____-____ is when lean companies will find ways to completely eliminate certain types of errors

A

poka-yoke

134
Q
A

scm 300 (3 decks)

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