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scm 300 > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

____ ____ ____ is the efficient integration of all parties associated with the successful delivery of the final product and/or service

A

supply chain management

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2
Q

The primary goals of the supply chain are sustainable long-term ____ and to maximize ___

A

profits, ROI

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3
Q

____ is the process of obtaining services, supplies, and equipment in conformance with organizational regulations

A

procurement

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4
Q

____ is the design, operation, and improvement of the production systems that efficiently transform INPUTS into finished goods and services

A

operations

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5
Q

____ is the COORDINATED planning and execution of

  • Preparation of packaged product
  • Transport
  • Warehousing
  • Product distribution throughout the supply chain
A

logistics

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6
Q

The 4 Competitive priorities are c____, q____, s____, and f____

A

cost, quality, speed, flexibility

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7
Q

____ ___ is the time elapsed between customer placing order and order being received by customer

A

lead time

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8
Q

____ ____ typically refers to the order size

A

lot size

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9
Q

____ is the stock of any ITEM or RESOURCE used in an organization. Also includes what you need to run the business on a day-to-day business

A

Inventory

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10
Q

____ ____ protects against uncertainty in demand, lead time, supply. NOT intended to be used

A

safety stock

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11
Q

____ inventory is used to absorb uneven rates of demand or supply, perhaps caused by seasonal demand, holidays, or quantity discounts

A

anticipation

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12
Q

____ inventory are orders that have been placed by not yet received nor paid for by customer. Inventory “on its way” to the customer

A

pipeline

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13
Q

Average inventory formula

A

Quantity / 2

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14
Q

TC = DC + (Q/2) H + (D/Q) S

TC = ____ annual ____ of inventory

A

total, cost

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15
Q

TC = DC + (Q/2) H + (D/Q) S

D = annual ____ for item

A

demand

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16
Q

TC = DC + (Q/2) H + (D/Q) S

C = ____ per unit

A

cost

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17
Q

TC = DC + (Q/2) H + (D/Q) S

H = annual ____ cost per unit

A

holding

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18
Q

TC = DC + (Q/2) H + (D/Q) S

S = cost to place a ____ order

A

single

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19
Q

TC = DC + (Q/2) H + (D/Q) S

DC = annual cost to ____ inventory

A

purchase

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20
Q

TC = DC + (Q/2) H + (D/Q) S

(Q/2) H = annual ____ cost

A

holding

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21
Q

TC = DC + (Q/2) H + (D/Q) S

(D/Q) S = annual ____ cost

A

ordering

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22
Q

Economic Order Quantity

A

Q = EOQ

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23
Q

____ ____ can be used to communicate desires before a sales presentation or shipment

A

Supplier scorecards

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24
Q

Choosing a Supplier

  1. Stakeholder consideration
  2. Plant/Warehouse location
  3. Technology Accommodations
  4. Commitment to Product improvement
  5. Commitment to Service improvement
  6. Growth management, capacity potential
  7. Quality of 2nd and 3rd tier suppliers
A
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25
Q

A ____ ____ ____ are used to see a supplier’s efforts to get certified proof that they are committed to proving their true worth and open to evaluation

A

Supplier Certification Programs

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26
Q

Outsourcing considerations
- supplier considerations
- procurement
- operations
- logistics

A
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27
Q

s____:

location, infrastructure, equipment, process design, and management

A

supplier

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28
Q

p____:

material selection, material management, payment

A

procurement

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29
Q

o____:

quality control, improvement, consistency, capacity, flexibility, training

A

operations

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30
Q

l____:

inbound, outbound, reliability, communication/tracking

A

logistics

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31
Q

____ flow: every item is the same

A

line

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32
Q

____ flow: every item is unique

A

flexible

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33
Q

____ flow: demand is high

A

line

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34
Q

____ flow: demand is low

A

flexible

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35
Q

____ flow: static industry, doesn’t change quickly

A

line

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36
Q

____ flow: evolving industry, customers always want something new

A

flexible

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37
Q

____ flow: machines do the work. Items are manufactured quickly

A

line

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38
Q

____ flow: humans often important to design and manufacturing. Products manufactured slowly

A

flexible

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39
Q

____ flow: make-to-stock (FG inventory)

A

line

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40
Q

____ flow: make-to-order (raw materials inventory?)

A

flexible

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41
Q

____ flow: assembly line or continuous flow

A

line

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42
Q

____ flow: job shops

A

flexible

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43
Q

____ flow examples: Buy items at Target/Walmart

A

line

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44
Q

____ flow examples: Buy at specialty shops

A

flexible

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45
Q

____ flow: assemble-to-order (WIP inventory)

A

hybrid

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46
Q

____ flow: often this is a line system with options

A

hybrid

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47
Q

____ flow example: buy at fast food restaurants

A

hybrid

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48
Q

____ ____: can be interrupted without damaging product (cars, furniture, electronics, appliances)

A

assembly lines

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49
Q

____ ____: no interruptions, must be run to completion (loaves of bread, oil refinery, steel production, chemical processes)

A

continuous flow

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50
Q

A ____ is someone or something that slows or halts free movement and progress

A

bottleneck

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51
Q

A ____ ____ includes steps to making a product

A

precedence diagram

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52
Q

____ ____ is the maximum time allowed for work on one unit at each station

A

cycle time

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53
Q

____ ____ ____: add all the work element times together

A

total task time

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54
Q

____ ____ ____ ____: smallest number of workstations according to formula

A

theoretical number of workstations

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55
Q

____ ____ ____ ____: sometimes formula doesn’t take into account all of the parameters, so it may be higher than what the formula indicates

A

actual number of workstations

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56
Q

How to balance an assembly line

  1. Identify workstation candidates
  2. Choose one of the candidates for placement in the workstation
  3. Consider cycle time - Does the candidate fit in the workstation?
A
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57
Q

____ is the movement of goods (and services) from one location to another

A

transportation

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58
Q

____ is the part of supply chain that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related info between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements

A

logistics

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59
Q

____ cargo is free flowing cargo, stored loose… loaded by shovel, pump, bucket, or scoop

A

bulk

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60
Q

____ cargo is general or packaged cargo… often containerized and measured in TEU’s

A

breakbulk

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61
Q

____-____ cargo is items with a mix of characteristics: both bulk and breakbulk

A

neo-bulk

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62
Q

T____ and C____ ____: large shipments

A

truckload, container load

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63
Q

L____ and L____: smaller shipment that cannot fill a container

A

less than truckload, less than container load

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64
Q

____ is the amount of space in a container (or package) available for cargo

A

cube

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65
Q

____ ____ is when all of the space in the container (or package) has been filled

A

cubing out

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66
Q

____ is the heaviness of the cargo

A

weight

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67
Q

____ ____ is when the container (or package) has been filled with product, such that additional cargo will exceed the container’s weight limit

A

weighing out

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68
Q

____ is the use of more than one mode of transport during a single shipment

A

multimodal

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69
Q

____ is the seamless multimodal shipment. No need to unload container, repackage products. One container for entire trip

A

intermodal

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70
Q

A ____ is a schematic drawing that illustrates product placement to maximize use of shelf space and drive sales

A

planogram

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71
Q

____ related reasons for packaging:

  • marketing and promotion
  • provide product information
  • legal considerations
A

consumer

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72
Q

____ ____ related reasons

  • provides protection
  • provides support
  • preservation of perishable products
  • facilitates movement/handling
A

supply chain

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73
Q

____ packaging is in contact with the end item (plastic bag, can, bottle, shrink wrap)

A

primary

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74
Q

____ packaging contains end item and primary packaging (box, case, drum, shrink wrap)

A

secondary

75
Q

____ packaging contains several items which are in secondary packaging (crate, pallet, metal straps, shrink wrap)

A

tertiary

76
Q

____ sizes (Width x Height x Length)

  • 8’x8.5’x20’
  • 8’8.5’x40’
A

standardized

77
Q

Standardized containers are measured in ____-____ ____ ____

A

Twenty-Foot equivalent unit

78
Q

Container types

  • standard 20 or 40 footers
  • open tops
  • flatracks
  • garmentainers
  • high-cubes
  • controlled atmosphere (CA) containers (also called reefers)
A
79
Q

____ properties

  • temperature controlled
  • gas composition controls
  • power requirement
  • digital record of conditions throughout shipment
  • airtight/watertight
  • humidity level controls
A

reefer

80
Q

____ benefits

  • longer transit times possible
  • delay aging / ripening process
  • reduce water loss and weight shrinkage
  • eliminates insects
  • harmful glass removed
A

reefer

81
Q

Pros of ____ transport:

  • accessibility, flexible, versatile, reliable
  • 2nd fastest mode of transport
  • vital to intermodalism
A

road

82
Q

Cons of ____ transport:

  • long trips usually mean excessive regulations
  • cost is vulnerable to increases in fuel prices, tolls, taxes, fees
  • LTL’s and LCL’s will usually make many stops
A

road

83
Q

Pros of ____ transport

  • total cost
  • fuel cost
  • load
  • fewer in-transit regulations
  • more capable in poor weather conditions
A

railcar

84
Q

Cons of ____ transport

  • damage
  • on-time reliability
  • speed of shipment
  • access to infrastructure required
A

railcar

85
Q

____ ____ is the fast and efficient distribution of goods from an upstream supplier to a downstream customer through a distribution center

A

cross docking

85
Q

____ tier suppliers are a company’s direct suppliers; typically a firm that directly provides goods and/or services to a company

A

first

86
Q

____ tier suppliers are firms that provide goods and services to a company’s first-tier supplier

A

second

87
Q

____ tier suppliers are firms that provide goods and/or services to a company’s second-tier supplier

A

third

88
Q

A ____ supply chain is the direction that points toward the end consumer

A

downstream

89
Q

A ____ supply chain is the direction that points toward the suppliers

A

upstream

90
Q

____ is the branch of the supply chain responsible for developing solutions that ensure the effective and efficient flow of goods in the supply chain

A

logistics

91
Q

____ ____ is the branch of the supply chain responsible for the movement of products and packaging that will flow backward in the supply chain, away from the consumer and back in the direction of manufacturers

A

reverse logistics

92
Q

In order for supply chains to function and develop, three things must continuously flow: m____, m____, and i____

A

materials, money, information

93
Q

A ____ ____ is a company’s plan for how the organization will purchase items, transform them, deliver them, and sell them in an effort to produce a profit

A

business model

94
Q

____ ____ is the ability to see what is happening with inventory upstream and downstream in a supply chain

A

inventory visibility

95
Q

____ is the amount of financial gain in any business endeavor

A

profit

96
Q

___ is a ratio of total profit to total invested money

A

ROI

97
Q

____ ____ are the primary advantages a company has over its competitors, usually difficult to replicate

A

core competencies

98
Q

____ is the ratio of output purchased divided by inputs used to purchase the product or service

A

value

99
Q

____ is the ratio of output created divided by inputs used to produce the product or service

A

productivity

100
Q

The primary supply chain goals are e____, e____, and a____

A

effectiveness, efficiency, adaptability

101
Q

The seven types of waste
1. defects
2. overproduction
3. transportation
4. motion
5. waiting
6. inventory
7. over-processing

A

.

102
Q

____ are poorly manufactured products

A

defects

103
Q

Keys to a successful supply chain

  1. satisfy the needs of the ____
  2. satisfy the needs of the ____
  3. be prepared for the ____
A

customer, company, future

104
Q

A supply chain strategy should take into account three things:

  1. A ____/____ that meets consumer needs
  2. The ____ ____ that will be used to create and deliver the product/service
  3. The supply chain ____ that will help create and deliver the product/service
A

product/service, business model, partners

105
Q

____ risks from holding inventory:

  • theft or damage to inventory
  • late shipments from suppliers
  • employee sickness
  • employee strike
  • machine malfunctions
  • harsh weather
A

company

106
Q

____ risks from holding inventory

  • employee sickness or strikes
  • sudden increases in demand for your company’s supplies
A

supplier

107
Q

____ risks from holding inventory

  • sudden increase in demand
  • damage to inventory
A

customer

108
Q

___ are items that are not intended as part of the finished goods but are important to the daily operations of the company

A

MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations)

109
Q

Pipeline inventory = ____ ____ x ____ ____

A

daily demand x lead time

110
Q

____ is a specific product or service’s identification code used to track inventory or catalog sales

A

SKU (stock keeping unit)

111
Q

____ demand item is an item for which demand levels are NOT directly impacted by the demand of another related item

A

independent

112
Q

____ demand item is an item for which demand levels ARE directly impacted by the demand of another related item

A

dependent

113
Q

Pros of ____ inventory levels:

  • higher levels of customer service
  • quantity discounts may be possible
  • fewer orders will need to be placed
  • greater security against unexpected demand variability
A

high

114
Q

Pros of ____ inventory levels

  • less storage space required
  • lower chance of inventory obsolescence and shrinkage
  • less inventory typically means fewer materials handling requirements
  • less money invested in inventory means more money available for other investment opportunities
A

low

115
Q

The four costs of inventory:

  • p____
  • h____
  • o____
  • s____
A

purchasing, holding, ordering, stockout

116
Q

The cost to ___ is the cost of buying inventory

A

purchase

117
Q

The ____ cost is the cost of holding inventory

A

holding

118
Q

The ____ cost are the costs associated with placing an order for inventory

A

ordering

119
Q

The ____ cost are the costs associated with not having enough inventory on hand to meet customer demand

A

stockout

120
Q

____ is the lot size that will minimize total annual inventory cost

A

EOQ (economic order quantity)

120
Q

When AHC is greater than AOC, holding costs are too ____

A

high

121
Q

When AOC is greater than AHC, holding costs are too ____

A

low

122
Q

____ ____ ____ represent the chain of organizations that help bring a product into the hands of the end user

A

channels of distribution

123
Q

An ____ ____ ____ implies that an organization has a group of companies with which it has developed a working relationship, perhaps these companies have worked together for many years

A

established supplier base

124
Q

A ____ ____ can refer to one region where many companies in a single industry are all co-located, heavily concentrated in a particular region, and where these companies often compete fiercely

A

business cluster

125
Q

____ identifies a target market, while designers and engineers work to develop products that satisfy the needs of the target market. ____ ____ must then buy parts, manufacture hundreds or thousands of those end items and then deliver them into the hands of the customer

A

Marketing, supply chains

126
Q

____ decisions provide direction for the company by identifying target markets, business models and potential product or service categories in which the company would like to compete

A

strategic

127
Q

____ decisions are decisions that seek to satisfy a target market in a particular product or service category

A

design

128
Q

____ decisions impact the organization in the short-term

A

operating

129
Q

Assembly line challenges

  • identify and eliminate bottlenecks
  • too many employees and/or workstations
  • employee inequities
  • present needs vs future demands
A
130
Q

A ____ is a section of a supply chain or production process that limits the overall output of the system

A

bottleneck

131
Q

____ ____ are the smallest units of work that must be accomplished to complete an end item on the assembly line

A

work element

132
Q

____ ____ ____ is the sum of all the tasks on the precedence diagram

A

total task time

133
Q

A ____ is the collection of one or more work elements

A

workstation

134
Q

____ ____ is the pace at which products must move through the assembly line in order for the assembly line to keep pace with demand

A

cycle time

135
Q

Line balancing rules

  1. Identify workstation candidates
  2. Choose one of the candidates for placement into the workstation
  3. Test viability of candidate chosen
A
136
Q

____ ____ rule: a workstation must have a total task time equal to or less than the calculated cycle time

A

cycle time

137
Q

____ rule: all tasks in a workstation must not violate the precedence relationships illustrated in the precedence diagram

A

precedence

138
Q

A ____ assembly line uses minimal resources but it still meets consumer demand and creates high-quality outputs

A

balanced

139
Q

____ ____ is the management of products that flow backward in the supply chain (upstream), away from the consumer and back in the direction of manufacturers

A

reverse logistics

140
Q

____ ____ is delivering the right order (product and quantity), to the right place (location and customer), at the right time, in the expected condition, with the appropriate documentation

A

order fullfillment

141
Q

____ represents the dimensional space (volume) inside of a container

A

cube

142
Q

The ____ limit of a container communicates the maximum combined weight of the cargo that can fit inside of that container

A

weight

143
Q

____ transportation is when cargo is moved from one vehicle or vessel to another vehicle or vessel without any direct handling of the cargo

A

intermodal

144
Q

____ secures the item, makes it easy to move, allows the customer to see and make judgements about the item, and in some cases it fulfills legal requirements

A

packaging

145
Q

Types of packaging

  • bottles, boxes, cans
  • tape, steel straps, plastic wrap
  • dunnage
  • pallets, slip sheets, crates
A
146
Q

A ____ is a platform upon which large amounts of cargo can be securely placed for easy movement by a human-operated or automated forklift, pallet jack, or reach truck

A

pallet

147
Q

Basic ____ and ____ footers: capable of carrying all sorts of packaged and/or palletized cargo

A

20, 40

148
Q

____-____: a container that is 1 foot taller than the standard 40’ container

A

high-cubes

149
Q

____ ____: often called reefers because they are refrigerated, modern containers can also control humidity, composition of the air and pressure

A

controlled atmosphere

150
Q

____ are containers are similar to the basic containers; except they would have a rod or cable that would allow for easy and secure movement of clothing on hangers

A

garmentainers

151
Q

____ containers are for products that require ventilation while in transport

A

ventilated

152
Q

____-____ allows for bulk cargo to be poured into the container

A

open-top

153
Q

____ shippers specialize in moving large amounts of goods, enough goods to fill an entire truck or perhaps multiple tracks

A

truckload

154
Q

____-____-____ shippers are used if a company has a reasonable amount of goods going to a single location, but not enough goods to fill an entire truck or container

A

less-than-truckload (LTL)

155
Q

____ ____ shippers typically refer to anything from an envelope to a single packaged shipment of less than 150 pounds, although the upper limit varies from one small package shipper to another

A

small package

156
Q

The five major modes of transportation: r____, r____, o____, a____, and p____

A

road, rail, ocean, air, pipeline

157
Q

A ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ is a truck trailer placed directly on a rail flatcar

A

trailer on a flat car (TOFC)

158
Q

A ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ is a standardized container placed directly on a rail flatcar

A

container on a flatcar (COFC)

159
Q

A ____ is where two containers are stacked on top of each other on a single but specialized railcar that can safely accommodate two containers while still allowing the double-stacked containers to clear tunnels

A

doublestack

160
Q

Warehousing and DC services

  • picking and packing
  • assembly
  • postponement
  • quality inspections
  • management of packaging materials
  • disposal, disassembly and/or recycling of unwanted or defective products
  • repair or refurbishing of defective products
A
161
Q

A ____ center is a facility that specializes in receiving customer orders and then picking the ordered items from the shelves, packing the items into a box or shipping envelope, and labeling the orders so the order is ready for shipment to customer’s home or office

A

fulfillment

162
Q

A ____ ____ ____ is a facility that performs a number of reverse logistics functions typically related to returned consumer products

A

central return center

163
Q

____ ____ typically refers to the portion of the supply chain between the final inventory holding facility and the end consumer

A

last mile

164
Q

____ is a network of vendors that learn, improve, and prosper in sync with their parent companies

A

keiretsu

165
Q

Steps in the purchasing process

  1. Requisition
  2. Supplier selection
  3. Place order
  4. Track order
  5. Receive order
A
166
Q

Purchasing Documents:

  • material requisition (MR)
  • Request for quotation (RFQ)
  • Purchase order (PO)
A
167
Q

A ____ ____ is used to initiate the purchasing process. Signals that a product or service is needed along with listing the quantity needed, product/service description and or specification

A

material requisition (MR)

168
Q

A ____ ____ ____ can be issued to one or more potential suppliers if the product or service requested is not in stock

A

request for quotation

169
Q

A ____ ____ is a contract that states the terms and conditions of the order

A

purchase order

170
Q

____ purchasing is a purchasing system where all corporate employees send material requisitions to a single purchasing department

A

centralized

171
Q

____ purchasing is a purchasing system where material requisitions are sent to a departmental purchasing department

A

decentralized

172
Q

Reasons for ____

  • proprietary technology
  • no competent supplier
  • better quality control
  • idle capacity
  • control
A

making

173
Q

Reasons for ____

  • insufficient capacity
  • lack of expertise
  • competent supplier
  • better use of resources
A

outsourcing

174
Q

____ integration is the act of a company taking on additional supply chain responsibilities that were formerly done by outside parties

A

vertical

175
Q

____ integration is taking over supply chain responsibilities formerly performed by downstream supply chain partners

A

forward

176
Q

____ integration is taking over supply chain responsibilities formerly performed by upstream supply chain partners

A

backward

177
Q

____ supplier

  • quantity discount opportunities
  • lowest total cost
  • intellectual property advantages
  • quality control
  • relationship management is easier
  • easier collaboration
A

single

178
Q

____ supplier

  • competition breeds innovation
  • risk among multiple suppliers
  • capacity flexibility
  • location advantages
A

multiple

179
Q

____ ____ ____ ____ is the cost of owning an item over the entire lifetime of the item

A

total cost of ownership (TCO)

180
Q

____ flow generally manufactures products very quickly and makes the exact same product over and over again

A

line

181
Q

____ flow manufactures products more slowly but each product can be highly customized

A

flexible

scm 300 (3 decks)

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