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Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

wrote a book about uroscopy

A

hippocrates

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2
Q

uroscopy means?

A

visual examination of urine

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3
Q

dark yellow to brownish color of urine (disease)

A

jaundice

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4
Q

red and foamy appearance (disease)

A

kidney disease

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5
Q

blood in the patient’s urine (disease)

A

urinary tract tumors

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6
Q

attract ants (disease)

A

diabetes

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7
Q

color charts had been developed that described the significance of 20 different colors of urine

A

1140 ce

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8
Q

discovered that a patient who has problems with kidney can have an increased protein which can be determined by boiling

A

frederik dekker

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9
Q

what disease is a kidney problem with increased protein

A

albuminuria

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10
Q

developed methods for quantitating microscopic sediment

A

thomas addis

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11
Q

microscopic sediment

A

addis count

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12
Q

year of the development of color charts

A

1950’s

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13
Q

introduced urinalysis as part of the doctor’s routine patient examination

A

richard bright

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14
Q

urine is comprised of approximately ________ water

A

95%

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15
Q

characteristics of urine (1)

A

ultrafiltrate of plasma

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16
Q

characteristic of urine (2)

A

readily available

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17
Q

characteristic of urine (3)

A

easy to collect but must be collected properly, including timed or random specimens

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18
Q

characteristic of urine (4)

A

inexpensively tested

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19
Q

characteristic of urine (5)

A

can give significant information about the patient’s disease

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20
Q

the testing of urine

A

urinalysis

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21
Q

clsi

A

clinical laboratory and standard institute

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22
Q

practice of examining urine for diagnostic purposes

A

urinalysis

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23
Q

it aids in following the course or treatment of disease

A

urinalysis

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24
Q

why perform urinalysis

A

for drug screening and aids in the diagnosis of the disease

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25
Q

the urinary tract system consists of two bean-shaped kidneys, the ______ and ________.

A

ureters and urethra

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26
Q

two bean-shaped organs located under diaphragm

A

kidneys

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27
Q

weight of kidney

A

150g

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28
Q

measurement of kidney

A

5cm x 12 cm

29
Q

function of kidney

A

remove wastes and excess water from the blood to form urine

30
Q

outer layer of kidney

31
Q

inner layer of kidney

32
Q

functional unit of kidney

33
Q

each kidney contains __________ nephrons

A

1-1.5 million/kidney

34
Q

made up of coils of capillaries

A

glomerulus

35
Q

a long and narrow urine collecting tube

A

renal tubules

36
Q

length of renal tubules

37
Q

two types of nephron

A

cortical and juxtamedullary

38
Q

are situated primarily in the cortex of kidney

39
Q

function is to concentrate urine

A

juxtamedullary

40
Q

cortical nephrons are made up of _____ nephrons

41
Q

surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

A

peritubular capillaries

42
Q

located adjacent to the ascending and descending loops of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons only

A

vasa recta

43
Q
  • the area where the collecting tubules join together and empty freshly formed urine into the renal pelvis.
44
Q

cavity area

A

renal pelvis

45
Q

hormone which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells

A

erythropoietin

46
Q

splits angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

47
Q

active form of vitamin D

A

calcitriol

48
Q

produced by the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone

49
Q

muscular tube that connects the pelvis of the kidney to the bladder

50
Q

where urine is stored until excretion

51
Q

leads from the bladder allowing urine to be excreted

52
Q

muscles called _____ enable the urethra to open and release the urine into the environment

A

sphincter muscle

53
Q

the human kidneys receive approximately _____ of the blood pumped through the heart through the renal artery

54
Q

renal blood flow

A

1200 ml/min

55
Q

renal plasma flow

A

600-700 ml/min

56
Q

factors influencing filtration process (1)

A

hydrostatic pressure

57
Q

factors influencing filtration process (2)

A

oncotic pressure

58
Q

factors influencing filtration process (3)

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

59
Q

factors influencing filtration process (4)

A

cellular structure of the capillary walls and Bowman’s capsule

60
Q

RAAS

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

61
Q

form intertwinning foot processes forming filtration slits

62
Q

prohibits the filtration of large molecules

A

shield of negativity

63
Q

removes substances from the tubules for retention by the body

A

tubular reabsorption

64
Q

major site for reabsorption

A

proximal convoluted tubule

65
Q

occurs when substances to be reabsorbed combined with a carrier protein

A

active transport

66
Q

movement of molecules across a membrane

A

passive transport

67
Q

renal treshold of glucose

A

160/180 mg/dl

68
Q

removes unneeded foreign waste substances that are not filtered by the glomerulus

A

tubular secretion

69
Q

helps regulate acid-base and electrolyte balance

A

tubular secretion

AUBF (10 decks)

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