Unit 2 Flashcards
What forms facial expressions?
the facial muscles which are mediated by cranial nerve VII (7)
sutures
immovable joints where the cranial bones unite
palpebral fissures
opening between the eyelids and should be symmetrical bilaterally
nasolabial folds
creases extending from the nose
-smile lines
salivary glands
two pairs and can be examined on the face
parotid glands
located in the cheeks over the mandible and are not normally palpable
submandibular glands
located beneath the mandible of the jaw
thyroid gland
endocrine gland that has a very rich blood supply, secretes T3 and T4 which stimulates the rate of cellular metabolism
Why does the thyroid enlarge in pregnant women?
hyperplasia
What happens to skin and bones as aging occurs?
the facial bones appear more prominent due to the decrease in subq fat, moisture is decreased, and elasticity is decreased
What is the leading cause of acute pain?
headaches
primary headaches
tension, cluster, migraine
secondary headache
occurs because of another disorder
What is needed to clarify or diagnose a HA?
a detailed history
tension HA
most common and can be caused by stressful environments, poor posture, feels like a headlock
migraines
have a genetic component but can be caused by food, drink, chemicals, lying down can ease the pain
cluster HA
least common, painful and disabling, unilateral pain, always on the same side of the head, pacing the floor can ease the pain
Red flag of a HA
someone who has a severe HA and has never had one
What can trigger a migraine?
chocolate
cheese
alcohol
menstruation
stress
Symptoms of a migraine
nausea
vomiting
visual disturbances
nuchal rigidity
concussion
direct blow to the skull causes the brain to shift rapidly back and forth
What could loss of consciousness before a fall indicate?
a cardiac problem
presyncope
light-headed swimming feeling, feeling of fainting, do not pass out
vertigo
spinning
objective vertigo
the person feels the room is spinning
subjective vertigo
the person feels that they are spinning
What does a persistent lump does not elicit any pain indicate?
a negative sign and needs to be checked
Why should you use gentle pressure when palpating nodes?
deep pressure can push the nodes into the neck
conjuctiva
transparent protective covering of the eye
cornea
covers pupils and protects the iris, highly sensitive to touch, touching with the cotton ball stimulates the corneal reflex
lacrimal gland
secretes tears
Why might your eyes be puffy when crying?
bc the lacrimal gland is holding your tears
Where do tears drain?
into the puncta, into the nasolacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, and into the inferior meatus inside the nose
What are eye boogers and boogers?
drainage from the puncta
What are the 6 extraocular muscles of the eye?
allow for eyerolling
4 straight or rectus muscles are the superior, inferior, lateral, medial rectus
What stimulates the movement of the EOMs?
cranial nerve 3, cranial nerve 4 works superior oblique and 6 (abducens and lateral rectus?
cranial nerve 3
causes the pupils to constrict
How do images appear on the retina?
upside down and reversed from the actual appearance
CN II
optic nerve
CN III
oculomotor nerve
accodomation
adaptation for near vision
What occurs in the aging adult to their eyes?
lacrimal glands decrease tear production, remove moisture from the eye, pupils decrease, len loses elasticity
presbyopia
decrease the ability of the lens to change shape to accommodate for near vision
cataract
the lens thickens and turns yellow
diabetic retinopathy
chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes causing oxidative damage and inflammation of the retina
glaucoma
optic nerve compression caused by increased ocular pressure
normal visual acuity
20/20, the top number indicates the distance you are standing away from the distance from the snellen chart
-denominator is the normal distance a normal eye can read that line
pitosis
drooping of the eyelid
