Unit 1 Concepts Flashcards
nursing process
- assessment
- diagnosing
- planning
- Intervention
- evaluating
How do novice nurses use the nursing process?
no experience with specific populations
culture
attitudes, beliefs, norms, rules, values
socialization
the process of being raised w/in a culture and acquiring the characteristics of the group
What are the 4 characteristics of culture?
learned through birth, shared by all members, adapted to specific conditions, and dynamic
FICa
tool used to assess spirituality
What are the three phases of an interview?
introduction, working phase, closing
During the working phase of an interview, what should you start with?
open-ended questions then close-ended
What are some traps of interviewing?
false assurance, giving unwanted advice, using professional jargon, interrupting, talking too much
health history
collects subjective data
What are the 8 categories of data?
biographic, source of history, reason for case, present health, past health, family history, ROS, functional assessment
PQRSTU
palliative/provocative
quantity
region
severity
timing
understand pt. perception
What are the 4 main components of a mental assessment?
appearance, behavior, cognition, and thought processes
Assessment Techniques
- inspection with all 5 senses
- palpation
- percussion
- auscultation
order only switches when you get to the abdomen
general survey
a study of the whole person
BMI
body mass index is a practical marker of healthy weight for height and an indicator of obesity or malnutrition
What is the most convenient route for temperature?
oral
What is the most accurate route for temperature?
rectal
blood pressure
the force of the blood pushing against the blood vessel walls
systolic pressure
pressure felt on the artery during contraction
pulse pressure
systolic - diastolic
Normal Temp Range
97.6 -99.6
nociceptive pain
nerve endings that detect pain
What are the phases of nociceptive pain?
- Transduction- release pain mediators due to stimulation
- Transmission- pain impulse taken from spinal cord to brain
- Phase 3- Perception- awareness of pain
- Modulation- body release analgesics
neuropathic pain
no phases
due to lesion/ disease of somatosensory pathway
visceral pain
originates from internal organs
somatic pain
from musculoskeletal tissues
deep somatic pain
originates from blood vessels, joints, tendons, bone
breakthrough pain
spike in pain level in otherwise controlled pain syndrome
-may already have chronic pain
-break through existing analgesic pain regimens
Infant pain
infants have the same capacity for pain but high risk for being under treated bc they’re nonverbal
How does pain relate to older adults?
pain is more common but it is not a normal process for aging
opiods
produce pain relief and euphoria but can cause constipation and respiratory depression
nutritional status
balance between nutrient uptake and requirements
breast feeding
recommended for full-term infants for 1st year of life
Why shouldn’t kids be placed on a low-fat diet?
children need fat for development
What do adolescents need?
lots of calories, protein, calcium, and iron
nutritional assessment
identifies people who are malnourished, provides data for making a plan, and establishes a baseline
skin
largest organ
epidermis, dermis and subq
What are the appendages of the epidermis?
nails, hair, sebaceous and sweat glands
eccrine glands
make sweat
apocrine glands
makes milk
Why can’t infants prevent fluid loss or regulate temp?
their skin is immature
ABCDEF assessment for lesion
asymmetry, border, color, diameters, elevation, funny looking
carotene
yellow-orange pigment
