Unit 2 Flashcards by Lizzie Hora

What are clinical signs of anthrax?

Bleeding* from orifices, blood fails to clot* no rigor*

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Is anthrax reportable?

Yes

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How is anthrax preventable?

Vaccination

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What are clinical signs of brucellosis?

Late term abortion* and epididymitis*

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What are treatments for brucellosis?

Test and slaughter*

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How is brucellosis prevented?

Calfhood, bangs

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How can brucellosis infect humans?

Undulent, malta fever, etc.

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What are clinical signs of blackleg?

Necrotic muscle

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What is calf enteritis (scours) caused by?

Colstridium*, e. coli, perfringens, cryptosporidium, and salmonella

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What are clinical signs of foot rot?

Lameness, inflammation, swelling, and odor*

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What are treatments of foot rot?

Debridement, topicals, foot baths* of copper/zinc sulfate, and management

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What are two clinical signs of Johne’s disease?

Watery diarrhea and weight loss

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What are treatment options for Johne’s disease?

None.

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What are clinical signs of leptospirosis?

Abortion storms*, stillbirths, milk production loss, septicemia, etc.

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What can be found in a necropsy of a cow with leptospirosis?

Dark kidneys

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Is leptospirosis zoonotic?

Yes

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Where is listeriosis found?

Contaminated silage

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What are clinical signs of listeriosis?

Fever, facial paralysis, tongue drooping, abortions, circling

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What is a clinical sign of lumpy jaw?

Mass formation on jaw

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What are clinical signs of malignant edema?

Edematous* lesion, gas lesions, weight loss, fever, and toxemia

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What are the two causative agents of mastitis?

Strep. agalcatiae (easy to treat)
Staph. aureus (difficult to treat)

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What are the two classifications of mastitis by symptoms?

Clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis (most costly)

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What do we look for in strip cup examination for mastitis?

Odor, clumping*, blood, flakes, etc.

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What does the California mastitis test detect?

Somatic cells (WBCs and sloughed epithelial cells)

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When do we read California mastitis test?

10 seconds, finish by 20-30 seconds

What does purple mean in a California mastitis test?

Alkaline (normal)

What does yellow mean in a California mastitis test?

Acidic (abnormal)

What two things can cause metritis?

Retained placenta and dystocia

What are clinical signs of metritis?

Vaginal discharge*, septicemia, endotoxemia, and shock

What are clinical signs of pinkeye?

Blepharospasm*, lacrimation*, photophobia. keratitis, conjunctivitis, etc.

What are clinical signs of shipping fever?

Open-mouth* breathing, weight loss, wet cough, low head, depression, fever, wheezing, etc.

What vaccination can prevent shipping fever?

Enzootic pneumonia complex

What is treatment for tuberculosis?

Test and slaughter

What are clinical signs of vibriosis?

Extended calving season, irregular estrous cycles, and infertility*

What are clinical signs of wooden tongue?

Abscessation of the tongue and swelling of the ventral* jaw

What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) known as?

Mad cow disease

Is BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) reportable?

Yes

What can survive frozen semen?

Trichomoniasis

What are clinical signs of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)?

Fever*, anorexia, depression, increased resp. rates, nasal/ocular discharge

What are clinical signs of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)?

Oral* erosion and intestinal* ulceration

Is foot and mouth in cattle reportable?

Yes - it's foreign

What is the common name of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

Rednose

What are clinical signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

Fever, ocular discharge, mucopurulent nasal discharge*, abortions*, etc.

What are clinical signs of fatty liver disease?

Absent and off feed* can lead to ketosis*

Secondary pericarditis is associated with what disease?

Hardware's disease

What are clinical signs of hardware's disease?

Elevated heart rate*, dehydration, walk w/ arched back, grunting*, etc.

What is used for prevention in hardware disease?

Magnet

What is hypocalcemia known as?

Milk fever

What are clinical signs of hypocalcemia?

Muscle twitching*, S shape to neck, ataxic*, head bobbing, bloat, etc.

What are treatment options of hypocalcemia?

IV calcium

What is hypomagnesemic tetany known as?

Grass tetany

What are clinical signs of hypomagnesemic?

Convulsions*, stiffness, frothing* at mouth, muscle spasms, death

What are treatments of hypomagnesemic tetany?

Sedation, magnesium*, calcium, and management

What is freemartin?

Female with twin male - female is born with no cervix

When does ketosis occur?

First 6 weeks* after parturition

What are clinical signs of ketosis?

Sweet smelling breath*, nervous licking* or biting body/surroundings, weight loss, arched back, etc.

What are diagnostics for ketosis?

Urine ketone* sticks, clinical signs, etc.

What are treatments for ketosis?

IV glucose*, oral propylene glycol*

What are clinical signs of displaced abomasum?

Going off feed*, decreased milk production, decreased fecal output, and sprung rib cage

How is displaced abomasum diagnosed?

History and ping*

What causes polio encephalomalacia caused by?

Thiamine deficiency*, sulfur toxicity, feeding dietary urinary acidifiers

What are clinical signs of polio encephalomalacia?

Depression, head pressing*, ataxia*, tremors*, tetany, convulsions, etc.

What are treatments of polio encephalomalacia?

IV thiamine HCL*, diuretics, and dexamethasone

How long do vaginal prolapses last?

2-3 weeks gestation

What are treatments of vaginal prolapse?

Buhner needle* - purse-string w/ umbilical tape*

Uterine prolapses occur after what?

Immediately after calving

What drug helps involution for uterine prolapses?

Oxytocin

What is rickets caused by?

Improper bone calcification

What are clinical signs of rickets?

Swollen tender joints*, enlargement of epiphysis, bowed limbs, stiffness, etc.

Fluid ruminal distension sounds like what?

Splashy* on lower left

Gas ruminal distension is what?

Bloat* on upper left

Free bloat of ruminal distension is caused by what?

Lack of eructation

Frothy bloat of ruminal distension is caused by what?

Legume* pasture - soluble proteins* produce bubbles

What can be used to differentiate ruminal distension?

Stomach tube* - air or nothing

What treatment is trocar for ruminal distension?

Rumen screw (rumen trocar)

What relieves frothy bloat in ruminal distension?

Surfactants

What is urolithiasis known as?

Water belly

What are clinical signs of urolithiasis?

Stranguria*, dysuria, posturing to urinate, etc.

What are diagnostics of urolithiasis?

Rectal exam, SQ urine*, blood work

What are treatments of urolithiasis?

Tube cystotomy* and perineal urethrotomy*

What is white muscle disease caused by?

Vitamin E or selenium deficiency

What are clinical signs of white muscle disease?

Uncoordinated* movement, lameness, paralysis of hindlimbs, sudden death, flying scapula*