Unit 1 Flashcards by Lizzie Hora

What are the 3 differentials of lameness?

Pain, mechanical, and neurologocial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the diagnostic steps of lameness in equine?

Rest, walk, TROT*, etc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the tarsus equal to?

Hock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the carpus equal to?

Knee

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three categories of causation of lameness in equine?

Inflammation, endocrinopathy, and trauma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inflammation of the lamina is caused by what?

grain overload
retained placenta
sepsis
black walnut shavings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic laminitis is when what occurs?

Rotation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic stable laminitis also known as what?

Foundered (rotated and stable)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a corn? What causes it?

bruised soft tissue of the sole, caused by working o hard surface or stepping on small object

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Infected bruises rupture to relieve pain/pressure, where does it usually rupture?

Out coronary band (quittor) or out bottom of hoof

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is quittor?

Deep seated sore draining out of coronet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are treatments for cracks in hooves?

Sealants and shoes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the term for chronic grease heel?

Chronic seborrhea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Side bone is caused by what type of cartilage?

ossified

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are treatments of side bone?

NSAIDS and rest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Periosteum inflammation across the cannon* bone is known as what?

Bucked shins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is bucked shins treated?

Rest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Splints occur in what kind of horses?

Overworked

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is sweeney?

Muscle atrophy of the shoulder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bone spavin is pain where?

in the hock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the treatment of curb?

Fire ligament (hot needles)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Involuntary flexing of hock is known as what?

Stringhalt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ring bone is arthritis of what bone?

Pastern-coffin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sesamoiditis is found in what kind of horses?

Race horses, hunters and jumpers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the treatment for windpuffs?

Ice

What is the term for traumatic bursitis?

Carpal hygroma

Traumatic bursitis of hock is known as what?

Capped hock

Bowed tendon is caused by strain on what tendon?

Flexor

Thoroughpin is trauma to what?

Tendon

What is the term for enlargement of the growth plates?

Physitis

Where is anthrax found?

Spores in ground/feed

What are clinical signs of anthrax?

Sudden death, bleeding from orifices - no clotting, no RIGOR

T/F: Anthrax is a reportable disease.

True

What are clinical signs of botulism?

Creeping paralysis*

Why is treatment poor for botulism?

Respiratory paralysis

Where is canker housed?

Wet areas

How many bacteria make up canker?

2 - fusobacterium necrophorum and dichelobacter spp.

Which is worse, canker or thrush?

Canker - progresses to whole foot, difficult to cure

What is lyme disease treated with?

Doxycycline, IV tetracycline

What is the origin of potomac horse fever?

Infect fluke (live in snail) which releases to water

What are clinical signs of potomac horse fever?

depression, diarrhea, fever, toxemia, abortion*, and laminitis

What are treatment options for potomac horse fever?

Oxytetracycline and supportive

What causes rain rot?

Wet animals - high temp and humidity

What's needed for salmonella due to it being zoonotic*?

Isolation**

Rotavirus may be confused with what?

Foal heat diarrhea

What's important for treatment of rotavirus?

Isolation

What are the two forms of strangles?

Abscess and bastard strangles

What form of strangles is fatal?

Metastatic "Bastard**" strangles

What causes tetanus?

Toxin from puncture/contaminated wound

What are clinical signs of tetanus?

Sawhorse appearance, recumbent, and dyspnea

What's the mortality rate of tetanus in equine?

50%

What causes thrush?

Unsanitary conditions

Where are clinical signs of thrush found?

Hoof only

What causes EPM (Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis)?

Ingest possum feces

What are clinical signs of EPM (Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis)?

Muscle atrophy of glutes and quads, cranial nerve abnormalities

What causes piroplasmosis?

Tick borne protozoa

What is piroplasmosis treated with?

Tetracyclines

Where may white line disease extend?

Coronary band

What 3 regions can encephalomyelitis be found in?

Eastern, western, and Venezuelan

What are clinical sign of encephalomyelitis?

Fever, ataxia*, anorexia, paralysis*, circling*, head pressing, hyperexcitability

What two locations can equine arteritis be found?

Respiratory or venereal (sexual)

What are clinical signs of equine arteritis?

Flu like, anemia*, and pneumonia

What is EIA (equine infectious anemia) caused by?

Blood sucking insects

What are clinical signs of EIA (equine infectious anemia)?

Pale MM, petechia*, icteric, neuro signs, thrombocytopenia*, and anemia*

What test is used for EIA (equine infectious anemia)?

Coggins

What is treatment for EIA (equine infectious anemia)?

Euthanasia

T/F: EIA (equine infectious anemia) is not a reportable disease.

False, it is!

What are clinical signs of rabies?

GI*, ataxia*, lameness, and bladder incontinence

What are clinical signs of rhinopneumonitis?

Nasal* discharge, lymphadenopathy, coughing, abortion*, etc.

What is treatment for rhinopneumonitis?

Isolation** and supportive

What are clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis?

White areas on oral* mucosa, coronary* band, belly, muzzle, prepuce, and udder*

What is west nile virus caused by?

Mosquitos

What are clinical signs of the West Nile Virus?

Fever, lack of appetite, depression, colic, paralysis**

What are clinical signs of cutaneous papilloma?

Warts

What is treatment for cutaneous papillomas?

Resolves* within 3-4mos or removal

Which tube does choke occur in?

Esophagus

What do we need to rule out before treating choke?

Rabies

What is heaves?

COPD

What are heave lines and what are they associated with?

Line along the lower half of animal's barrel, associated with COPD

What are 4 general causes of colic?

1. distension of gut 2. pulling at root of mesenteric artery 3. ischemia 4. enteritis

What are treatments of colic?

Hand walk, mineral oil, nsaids

What is cushing's disease caused by?

Cortisol

What are two clinical signs of cushing's disease?

Failure to shed* in spring, sway* back and pot belly

What two things is exertional myopathies also known as?

Cording up, tying up

What is associated with exertional myopathies?

Exercise

What is sporadic exertional myopathies caused by?

Exertion - not in shape*

What is chronic exertional myopathies caused by?

Genetics

What is the best treatment for exertional myopathy?

Rest*

What is habronemiasis caused by?

Fly larva

Where are two common hernia sites?

Umbilical and scrotal

What are two clinical signs of hypothyroidism?

Slow/not shedding*, tying* up

Where do melanomas occur?

Tail, anus, and head

What is roaring caused by?

Broken trachea rings and paralyzed* vocal cords

What is wobbler syndrome caused by?

Compression of the spinal cord in the neck*

What are sarcoids caused by?

Papilloma virus

What color are bot fly eggs?

Yellow