Unit 2

Question 1

La Mettrie believed that:

Answer 1

Accepting atheism and materialism would lead to a more humane world.

Question 2

All of the British empiricists following Hobbes used the concept of _______ to explain why mental events are experienced or remembered in a particular order.

Answer 2

Association

Question 3

Hobbes’s explanation of “trains of thought” relied on:

Answer 3

The ancient law contiguity

Question 4

It was the metaphor of humans as _______ that especially appealed to the French sensationalists.

Answer 4

Machines

Question 5

La Mettrie believed that if Descartes had consistently and thoroughly followed his own method, he would have concluded that:

Answer 5

Both human and nonhuman animals are automata.

Question 6

If what is meant by psychology is the introspective analysis of the mind, then according to Comte psychology was:

Answer 6

Metaphysical nonsense

Question 7

According to ________, the best government was one that provided the greatest amount of happiness to the greatest number of people.

Answer 7

Utilitarianism

Question 8

All of the following were true of the British empiricists except:

Answer 8

They denied the existence of mental events

Question 9

Bain’s explanation of voluntary behaviour combined:

Answer 9

The notions of spontaneous activity and hedonism

Question 10

According to Hartley, as ideas or stimuli came to elicit behaviours not originally associated with them, _____ behaviour was converted into _______ bahviour.

Answer 10

Involuntary; voluntary

Question 11

According to Herbart, an idea was allowed to enter consciousness if it was:

Answer 11

Compatible with the apperceptive mass

Question 12

Kant called the rational principle that either does or should govern moral behaviour

Answer 12

The categorical imperative

Question 13

In accounting for behaviour, the empiricist tended to emphasize ______ , whereas the rationalist tended to emphasize ________.

Answer 13

Induction; deduction

Question 14

Pantheism is the belief that:

Answer 14

God is everywhere and in everything

Question 15

In a discipline that Kant called _______, he discussed such topics as gender differences, marriage, insanity, and production and control of human behaviour

Answer 15

Anthropology

Question 16

According to Reid, the mind reasoned and the stomach digested food because:

Answer 16

They were innately disposed to do so

Question 17

Which of the following is true concerning monads?

Answer 17

Next to God, humans process the monads capable of the clearest thinking.

Question 18

The clearest distinction between rationalism and empiricism can be made with regard to the acceptance or rejection of:

Answer 18

Innate ideas or principles

Question 19

On the mind-body issue, Leibniz believed that they never influence each other; it only seems as if they do. This is called:

Answer 19

Psychophysical parallelism

Question 20

Which one of the following is not one of the three parts of the dialectic process of Hegel?

Answer 20

Conflict

Question 21

For Nietzsche, people approach their full potential are:

Answer 21

Superman

Question 22

At the heart of Nietzsche’s psychology is the tension between:

Answer 22

Apollonian and Dionysian tendencies

Question 23

According to Schopenhauer, _____ suffer the most.

Answer 23

Intelligent humans

Question 24

According to Rousseau, all the governments of his time were based on the faulty assumption that:

Answer 24

Humans need to be governed

Question 25

For Rousseau, the best guide for human conduct was (were):

Answer 25

A person’s honest feelings and inclinations

Question 26

Nietzsche believed that:

Answer 26

A person had to create whatever meaning his or her life was going to have.

Question 27

Nietzsche’s ______ was clearly contrary to Enlightenment philosophy

Answer 27

Perspectivism

Question 28

Rousseau believed that education should:

Answer 28

Stimulate the development of a child’s natural impulses

Question 29

According to Kierkegaard, God gave humans a way of dealing with the absolute paradox, and that was:

Answer 29

Faith

Question 30

The romantics defined the good life as one lived in accordance with:

Answer 30

One’s own inner nature

Question 31

Bains goal was to

Answer 31

Describe the physiological correlates of mental and behavioural phenomena

Question 32

Bain felt that the law of _____ accounted for the creativity that characterized poets, artists, and inventors

Answer 32

Constructive association

Question 33

For Comte, we can be certain only of things that are:

Answer 33

Publicly Observable

Question 34

Which of the statements listed below is not true of Locke’s ideas and beliefs

Answer 34

Most ideas were innate

Question 35

Hume considered the _____ as a “gentle force” that created certain relations instead of others

Answer 35

Laws of association

Question 36

What did Hume refer to as an “inexplicable mystery”

Answer 36

Religion

Question 37

_____ was the belief that the only valid knowledge was scientific knowledge, and that science could solve all human problems

Answer 37

Scientism

Question 38

JS Mill believed that discrimination against women was

Answer 38

Basically wrong

Question 39

Berkeley believed that ____ was responsible for the widespread religious skepticism and atheism of his day

Answer 39

Materialism

Question 40

Hume referred to knowledge that existed by definition, such as mathematical knowledge as

Answer 40

Demonstrative knowledge

Question 41

According to Herbart, if material presented to a student is not compatible with his or her appreceptive mass, the material will

Answer 41

Be rejected or at least will not be understood

Question 42

For Spinoza, our freedom (free will) consists

Answer 42

Of knowing that everything that is must necessarily be

Question 43

According to Reid

Answer 43

The faculties of the mind were aspects of a unified mind and never functioned in isolation from one another

Question 44

By equating God and nature, Spinoza

Answer 44

Endorsed all these choices

Question 45

Belief that the world is as we immediately experience it is called

Answer 45

Direct realism

Question 46

Herbart’s concepts of the unconscious, repression, and conflict most likely affected the theory of ______

Answer 46

Freud

Question 47

According to Spinoza, behaviour and thoughts guided by ______ were conducive to survival, but behaviour and thoughts guided by ____ were not.

Answer 47

Reason/Passion

Question 48

Herbart felt psychology could not be an experimental science because

Answer 48

The mind could not be fractioned for analysis

Question 49

Spinoza viewed the mind and body as

Answer 49

Inseparable

Question 50

Kant agreed with Hume that

Answer 50

We can never experience the physical world directly

Question 51

Goethe viewed science as

Answer 51

Useful but limited

Question 52

Kierkegaard believed that truth was

Answer 52

Subjective

Question 53

Nietzsche believed that

Answer 53

People are their own creation

Question 54

According to Nietzsche the difference between freedom and slavery is

Answer 54

Matter of choice

Question 55

Nietzsche believed that many human problems would be solved if

Answer 55

Every individual strove to be all that he or she could be

Question 56

Nietzsche believed all of the following except

Answer 56

Without human companionship, human existence was meaningless

Question 57

According to Schopenhauer, when all our needs are temporarily satisfied we feel

Answer 57

Bored

Question 58

Schopenhauer believed that life was best viewed as

Answer 58

The postponement of death

Question 59

Kierkegaard and Nietzsche had all the following in common except

Answer 59

Belief in God

Question 60

The statement “Man is born free and yet we see him everywhere in chains” is associated with

Answer 60

Rousseau