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PSYC375 Midterm > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Persistent observations that a currently accepted paradigm cannot explain is called:

A

An anomaly

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2
Q

A scientific theory has several functions. Which of the following is not a function of scientific theory?

A

Guide the scientist in rational descriptions

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3
Q

According to Popper, scientific activity begins:

A

With a problem

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4
Q

Historicism refers to the belief that:

A

The past should be studied for its own sake without attempting to show the relationship between past and present.

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5
Q

For Popper, a nonscientific theory

A

Can still be useful

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6
Q

According to the author of your text, contemporary psychology is:

A

A multi-paradigmatic science

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7
Q

According to the author of your text, which of the following would be (an) appropriate part(a) of the answer to the question, “is psychology a science?”

A

All of these choices are appropriate answers

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8
Q

According to Popper, what distinguishes a scientific theory from a nonscientific theory?

A

The principle of falsifiability

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9
Q

A currently popular way of explaining mind-body relationships that claims mental states emerge from the brain activity is called:

A

Emergentism

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10
Q

The prediction and control of events can best be accomplished using:

A

Causal laws

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11
Q

According to Plato, direct examination of the empirical world via sensory experience resulted in:

A

Ignorance or, at best, opinion.

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12
Q

For Plato, all knowledge was:

A

Innate

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13
Q

The belief that extraneous assumptions should be eliminated from explanations is called:

A

Occam’s razor

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14
Q

According to Aristotle,________ possess a soul

A

All living things

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15
Q

Those who said so-called universals were nothing more than convenient verbal labels were called:

A

Nominalists

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16
Q

All of the following were true of Averroes’ philosophy except:

A

It was basically Platonistic

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17
Q

Aristotle’s philosophy was highly influential in ________ during the so-called Dark Ages

A

The Arab world

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18
Q

According to Aristotle, ________ was a spontaneous recollections of something that had been previously experienced and _______ involved an actual mental search for a past experience.

A

Remembering, recall

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19
Q

What aspect of Aristotle’s philosophy became the cornerstone of most modern theories of learning?

A

The laws of association

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20
Q

Which of the following was true of Aristotle’s philosophy?

A

It assumed that knowledge could be attained only by studying nature directly.

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21
Q

Amount the Renaissance humanists, skepticism was most clearly demonstrated by:

A

Mantaigne

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22
Q

Regarding realism versus nominalism, Galileo was a/an:

A

Realist

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23
Q

Deduction involves:

A

Predicting a particular event from a general principle

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24
Q

According to Bacon, scientific theory:

A

Biased observations

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25
Q

Which of the following was not a factor in the acceptance of objective study of nature due to the weakening of church authority?

A

The embracing of Aristotle’s empirical views

26
Q

Descartes concluded that we could trust sensory information because:

A

God created our sensory apparatus and God would not deceive us.

27
Q

Galileo was among the first to conclude that:

A

A science is psychology (conscious experience) was impossible

28
Q

Luther criticized the Church of his day because it:

A

Drifted too far from the teachings Jesus and the Bible

29
Q

Copernicus argued that:

A

The earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric theory)

30
Q

According to Deism:

A

God created the universe but thereafter had no involvement with it.

31
Q

Who believed that science cannot be characterized by any set of prescribed methods, principles, or rules?

A

Feyerabend

32
Q

Historiography is

A

The study of the proper way to write history

33
Q

The position on the mind body problem question claiming that both mental events and bodily response occur simultaneously even though they two events are independent of each other is called

A

Psychophysical parallelism

34
Q

The ____ assumes that everything that occurs is a function of a finite number of causes

A

Determinist

35
Q

According to Popper, the theories of Freud and Adler cannot be considered scientific because they:

A

Make postdictions rather than predictions

36
Q

The _____ tends to assume that the human mind takes in information passively

A

Empiricist

37
Q

A consistently observed relationship between two or more classes of empirical events defines a:

A

Scientific Law

38
Q

The view that cognitive events that emerge from the brain activity can cause behaviour is representative of:

A

Interactionism

39
Q

The approach to studying the history of psychology involves showing how various individuals or events contributed to changes in an idea through the years:

A

Historical development approach

40
Q

The belief that human behaviour is determined but the causes of behaviour cannot be accurately measured is most compatible with:

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

41
Q

Using Kuhn’s terminology to describe the conditions of the 14th/15th centuries, all of the following were true except:

A

The period was characterized by the intense creativity that results when several paradigms coexist

42
Q

According to Plato, whether one is a philosopher-king, a soldier, or a slave is largely determined by

A

Biological inheritance

43
Q

The belief that abstract universals (essences) exist and that empirical events are only manifestations of those universals is called

A

Realism

44
Q

Plato’s philosophy ____ the development of science

A

Enhanced

45
Q

According to Aristotle, we perceive environmental objects because

A

Their movement influences a medium, which in turn stimulates one or more of the five senses.

46
Q

According to Aristotle, the unmoved mover

A

Set nature in motion and did little else

47
Q

The particular form or pattern of an object is it’s _____ cause

A

Formal

48
Q

According to Plato

A

Nothing in the empirical world was perfect or knowable

49
Q

Abelards proposed compromise between nominalism (concepts summarize individual experience) and realism (once concepts are formed, they exist apart from individual experience), is called

A

Conceptualism

50
Q

During the period before the renaissance, which of the following was NOT true

A

Scientific inquiry and reason were encouraged

51
Q

Giovanni Pico argued that

A

God had granted humans a unique position in the universe

52
Q

Galileo used experiments to do all the following except

A

Show that essences are important for explanations

53
Q

For Luther, the major reason for the downfall of Catholicism was

A

It’s assimilation of Aristotles philosophy

54
Q

Baconian science stressed

A

Generalized following careful empirical observation and similarities and differences noted

55
Q

Petrarch believed all of the following except

A

Scholasticism contained most of the solutions to human problems

56
Q

The church responded to Galileo’s scientific achievements by

A

Making him recant his scientific conclusions

57
Q

According to renaissance humanists, aristotles philosophy had

A

Become too influential within the church

58
Q

Newton believed all of the following except

A

God created the universe, physical events can be understood interns if their purpose

59
Q

According to Bacon, the human tendency to see events as they would like them constituted the

A

Idol of the tribe

60
Q

Luther believed the reason evil exists is

A

Unfathomable to humans; only God knows

PSYC375 Midterm (3 decks)

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